aston and Blagrave case for word speak of a justice of peace in relation to  his office Mod case this be a action on the case for scandalous word speak of  the defendant as in the execution of his office as a justice of peace and lie  so and that there be a colloquium concern his office as a fortescue justice of  peace and that the defendant have a discourse of he and of the execution of  his office say these word Mr Aston be a rascal a villain and a liar rascal  from the French racal villain that be one who be dishonest and corrupt and to  be a liar signify one that have the habit of lie and one who be as have as a  thief and the office of a justice of peace be partly judicial and partly  ministerial Cr the word jacobite be now actionable though former not so knave  in Saxon signify the mean of servant but that be in very ancient day now it  signify false and deceitful the question here be whether the word be  scandalous there be the case of Duval and price of a justice of peace say he  be disaffect to the government the judgement be affirm in the exchequer  Chamber but that judgement be reverse in house of lord because it do not  appear they be speak of he as a justice of peace and no colloquium lie of his  office of justice of peace which infer if it have be it will lie and it must  be understand liar and villain in his office take in common ordinary sense and  meaning for take word in mild sensum be long since explode per tot car the  plaintiff ought to have his judgement for the word be a great scandal to the  justice of peace be speak of he as in the execution of justice it be as much  as to say he be a villain a rascal and a liar in the execution of his office  it be scandalous to say he be a rascal and villain in his office but to say he  be a liar in the execution of his office be as much as to say he be partial or  corrupt in the execution of his office for if he be a liar in the execution of  his office he must give false judgement know they to be false for it can be a  lie unless be know it to be false and though it be a right judgement and he  think it to be wrong and so intend it it will be partiality and corruption and  the scripture fortescue er p say that a thief be better than a man accustom to  lie and word now be to be take by the court as they import and mean in the  sense of the bystander fortescue and in common parlance and understanding of  word and not in mild sensum as the old rule be now explode