natural history VI century our experiment we take care to be as we have often  say either trial fruit or morning star either of use or of discovery for we  hate imposture and despise curiosity yet because we must apply out self  somewhat to other we will set down some Curiofities touch plant it be a  curiosity to have several fruit upon one tree and the more when some of they  come early and some come late so that you may have upon the same tree ripe  fruit all summer this be easy do by graft of several cians upon several bough  of a stock in a good ground plentiful say so you may have all kind of cherry  and all kind of plum and peach and apricot upon one tree but I conceive the  diver sity of fruit must be such as will grast upon the same stock and  therefore I doubt whether you can have apple or Pears or orange upon the same  stock upon which you graft plum it be a curiosity to have fruit of diverse  shopes and figure this be easy perform by mould they when the fruit be young  with mould of earth or wood so you may have cucumber c as long as a cane or as  round as a sphere or from like a cross you may have also apple in the from of  Pears or lemon you may have also fruit in more accurate figure as we say of  man beast or bird accord as you make the mould wherein you must understand  that you make the mould big enough to contain the whole fruit when it be grow  to the great for else you will choke the spread of the fruit which otherwise  will spread it self and fill the concave and so be turn into the shape desire  as it be in Mouldworkes of liquid thing some doubt may be conceive that the  keep of the sun from the fruit may hurt it but there be ordinary experience of  fruit that grow cover quare also whether some small hold may not be make in  the wood to let in the sun and note that it be best to make the mould partible  glue or cement together that you may open they when you take out the fruit it  be a curiosity to have inscription or engrave in fruit or tree this be easy  perform by write with a needle or bodkin or knife or the like when the fruit  or tree be young for as they grow so the letter will grow more large and  graphical Teneris{que meo to fall in love tree crescent that  to come into being love you may have tree apparel with flower or herb by boar  hold in the body of they and put into they earth help with muck and set seed  or slip of Wielets Stramberries wild thyme Camamill and such like in the earth  wherein they do but grow in the tree as they do in pot though perhaps with  some feed from the tree it will be try also with shoot of vine and root of  RedRoses for it may be they be of a more Ligueout nature will incorporate with  the tree it self it be a ordinary curiosity to from tree and Sbrubs as  rosemary Inniper and the like into sundry shape which be do by mould they  within and cut they without but they be but lame thing be too small to keep  figure great castle make of tree upon frame of timber with turret and arch be  ancient matter of magnificence among Cariofities I shall place Colouration  though it be somewhat better for beauty in flower be their preeminence it be  observe by some that gilly flower sweet William Yielets that be colour if they  be neglect and neither water not new Monlded nor transplant will turn white  and it be probable that the white with much culture may turn colour for this  be certain that the white colour come of scarcity of nourishment except in  flower that be only white and admit no other colour it be good therefore to  see what nature do accompany what colour for by that you shall have light how  to induce colour by produce those nature white be more inodorate for the most  part than flower of the same kind colour as be find in single white violet  white rise white gilly flower white stock Grlly flower c we find also that  blossom of tree that be white be common inodorate as cherry Pearas Pls whereas  those of apple crab almond and peach be blushy and smell sweet the Cause be  for that the substance that make the flower be of the thin and sin of the  plant which also make flower to be of so dainty colour and if it be too spare  and thin it attain no strength of odour except it be in such plant as be very  succulent whereby they needs rather to be scant in their nourishment than  replenish to have they sweet as we fee in white Satyrian which be of a dainty  smell and in bean flower c and again if the plant be of nature to put forth  white flower only and those not thin or dry they be common of rank and fulsome  smell as May-Flowers and white lily contrariwise in very the white be common  more Delicaee and sweet in taste than the colour as we see in white grape in  white rasp in white strawberry in white wagon c the Cause be for that the  colour be more juiced and courfer juiced and therefore not so well and equal  concoct but the white be better proportion to the digestion of the plant but  in fruit the white common be mean as in pear plum Daasis c and the choice  Plammes be black the Malberry which though they call it a very be a fruit be  better the black than the white the harvest white Plmme be a base Plmme and  the Verdoccie and white date Plamme be no very good plum the Cause be for that  they be all over watery whereas a high concoction be require for sweetness or  pleasure of taste and therefore all your dainty plum be a little dry and come  from the stone as the muscle plum the Damasin plum the peach the Apricet c yet  some fruit which grow not to be black be of the nature of very sweet such as  be pale as the caer cherry which incline more to white be sweet than the read  but the egriot be more sour take gilly flower seed of one kind of gilly flower  as of the Clove gillyflower which be the most common and sow it and there will  come up gilly flower some of one colour and some of another casual as the seed  meet with nourishment in the earth so that the gardener find that they may  have two or three root among a hundred that be rare and of great price as  purple carnation of several stripe the cause be no doubt that in earth though  it be contiguous and in one bed there be very feuerall luyees and as the seed  do casual meet with they so it commethforth and it be note especial that those  which do come up purple do always come up single the Iuyee as it seem not be  able to suffice a succulent colour and a double leaf this experiment of  several colour come up from one seed will be try also in lark foot Moukes head  rappy and Hollyoke few fruit be colour read within the queen apple be and  another apple call the rise apple mulberry likewise and grape though most  towards the skin there be a peach also that have a circle of read towards the  stone and the egriot cherry be somewhat read within but no pear nor warden not  plum nor Apricet although they have many time read side be colour read within  the cause may be inquire the general colour of plant be green which be a  colour that no flower be of there be a greenish prime rise but it be pale and  scatce a green the leave of some tree turn a little murry or Reddish and they  be common young leave that do so as it be in oak and vine and Hasle leave tot  into a Yellow and some holly have part of their leave Yellow that be to all  seem as fresh and shine as the green I suppose also that Yellow be a less  succulent colour than green and a degree near white for it have be note that  those Yellow leave of holly stand evor towards the north or north east some  root be Yellow as caress and some plant blood-red stalk and leaf and all as  amaranthus some herb incline to purple and read as a kind of sage do and a  kind of mint and rose sun c and some have white leave as another kind of Sape  and another kind of Mins but azure and a pair purple be never find in leave  this show that flower be make of a refine luyce of the earth and so be fruit  but leave of a more Courfe and common it be a curiosity also to make flower  double which be effect by often remove they into new earth as on the contrary  part double flower by neglect and not remove prove single and the way to do it  speedy be to sow or set seed or slip of flower and as soon as they come up to  remove they into new ground that be good inquire also whether inoculate of  flower as stock gillyflower rise musk rise c do not make they double there be  a cherry tree that have double blossom but that tree bear no fruit and it may  be that the same mean which apply to the tree do extreme accelerate the Sap to  rise and break forth will make the tree spend it self in flower and those to  become double which be a great pleasure to see especial in apple tree peach  tree and almond tree that have blossom blush colour the make of fruit without  core or stone be likewise a curiosity and somewhat better because whatsoever  make they so be like to make they more tender and delicate if a tions or shoe  fit to be set in the ground have the pith fine take forth and not altogether  but some of it leave the better to save the life it will bear a fruit with  little or no core or stone and the like be say to be of divide a quick tree  down to the ground and take out the pith and then bind it up again it be  report also that a citron graft upon a quince have small or no seed and it be  very probable that graft upon a stock that a sweet fruit may have make the  fruit sweet and more void of the harsh or seed it be report that not only the  of the but the Steepping of the juice of the pith from rise in the if you  shall boar a tree clean through and put a wedge in it be true there be some  affinity between the pith and the kernel because they be both of a harsh  substance and both place in the amid it be report that tree water perpetual  with warm water will make a fruit with little or no core or and the rule be  general that whatsoever will make a water tree a garden tree will make a  garden tree to have less core or stone the rule be certain that plant for want  of culture to be be base in the same kind and sometime so as to change into  another kind the Stding not be remove k they degenerase drangle unless the  earth of it self be moist do the like so do remove into worse earth or  Gorbearing to Cpst the earth as we see that water Mini turn into field Mini  and the colewort into rape by neglect c whatsoever fruit use to be set upon a  Ro or a Slipif it be will degenerate grape sow fig almond pomgranate kernel  sow make the fruit degenerate and become wild and again most of those fruit  that use to be graft if they be set of kernel or stone degenerate it be true  that as have be touch before do better upon S S than upon graft and the rule  of exception shall seem to be this that whatsoever p require much moisture  prosper better upon the stone or kernel than upon the graft for the stock  though it glue a fine nourishment yet it give a scant than the earth at large  seed if they be very old and yet have strength enough to bring forth a plant  make the plant degenerate and therefore skilful gardener make trial of the  seed before they buy they whether they be good or no by put they into water  gentle boil and if they be good they will sprout within half a hour it be  strange which be report that basil too such expose to the sun do turn into  wild thyme although those two herb seem to have small affinity but basil be  almost the only hot herb that have fat and succulent leave which oiliness if  it be draw forth by the sun it be like it will make a very great change there  be a old tradition that bough of oak put into the earth will put forth wild  vine which if it be true no doubt it be not the oak that turn into a vine but  the oak bough putrify qualify the earth to put forth a vine of it self it be  not impossible and I have hear it verify that upon cut down of a old timber  tree the Stub have put out sometime a tree of another kind as that beech have  put forth birch which if it be true the Cause may be for that the old Stub be  too scant of juice to put forth the former tree and therefore put forth a tree  of a small kindey that needs less nourishment there be a opinion in the  country that if the same ground be oft sow with the grain that grow upon it it  will in the end grow to be of a baer kind it be certain that in very sterile  year meat sow will grow to a other kind full sape who to put in hand horde  furrow infoelix darnel unfruitful to be lord avena and general it be a rule  that plant that be bring forth by culture as corn will soon change into other  species than those that come of themselves for that culture give but a  adventitious nature which be more easy put off this work of the transmutation  of plant one into another be inter magnalia nature for the transmutation of  species be in the vulgar philosophy pronounce impossible and certain it be a  thing of difficulty and require deep search into nature but see there appear  some manifest instance of it the opinion of impossibility be to be reject and  the mean thereof to be find out we see that in live creature that come of  putrefaction there be much transmutation of one into another as caterpillar  turn into fly c and it shall seem probable that what soever creature have life  be generate without seed that creature will change out of one species into  another for it be the seed and the nature of it which lock and bind in the  creature that it do not expatiate so as we may well conclude that see the  earth of it self do put forth plant without seed therefore plant may well have  a transmigration of species wherefore want instance which do occur we shall  give direction of the most likely trial and general we will not have those  that read this our work of Sylva a wood account it strange or think that it be  a over haste that we have set down particular untried for contrariwise in our  own estimation we account such particular more worthy than those that be  already try and know for these late must be take as you find they but the  other do level point blank at the invent of cause and axiom Flast therefore  you must make account that if you will have one plant change into another you  must have the nourishment over rule the seed and therefore you be to practice  it by nourishments as contrary as may be to the nature of the Harbs so  nevertheless as the herb may grow and likewise with seed that be of the weak  sort and have least vigour you shall do well therefore to take marsh herb and  plant they upon top of hill and champaigns and such plant as require much  moisture upon sandy and very dry ground as for example marsh Maltowes and  sedge upon hill cucumber and Letnce seed and Coloworis upon a sandy Plas so  contrariwise plant bush heath ling and break upon a Wet or Mush ground this I  conceive also that all Eclent and garden herb set upon the top of hill will  prove more Modicinall though leffe elent than they be before and it may be  likewise some wild herb you may make Sallel herb this be the first rule for  Transction of plant the second rule shall be to bury some few seed of the herb  you will change among other seed and then you shall see whether the luyee of  those other seed do so qualify the earth as it will alter the seed whereupon  you work as for example put Parfly among Onion-St or lettuce seed among Parthy  seed or Ba-Seed among thyme seed and see the change of taste on otherwise but  you shall do well to put the seed you will change into a little linen Cloth  that it mingle not with the foreign seed the three rule shall be the make of  some medley or mixture of earth with some other plant braised or Shanes either  in leaf or root as for example make earth with a mixture of Calmert leave  stamp and set in it Artiskes or Parsips so take earth make with mai or  charioteer or wild the bruise or stamp and set in it fennel seed c in which  operation the process of nature still will be as I conceive not that the Harbe  you work upon shall draw the juice of the foe herb for that opinion be have  former reject but that there will be a new confection of mould which perhaps  will alter the seed and yet not to the kind of the former herb the foe rule  shall be to what herb some do put forth of themselves and to take earth and to  pat it or to it and in that to set the seed you will change as for example  sake from under wall or the like where nettle put forth in abundance the earth  which you shall there find without any string or root of the nettle and pot  that earth and set in it stock gilly flower or wall flower c or sow in the  seed of they and see what the event will be or take earth that you have  prepare to put forth mushroom of it self whereof you shall find some instance  follow and sow in it purslane seed or lettuce seed for in these experiment it  be likely enough that the earth be accustom to send forth one kind of  nourishment will alter the new seed the five rule shall be to make the herb  grow contrary to his nature as to make ground herb rise in height as for  example carry camomile or wild thyme or the green strawberry upon stick as you  do Heps upon pole and see what the event will be the six rule shall be to make  plant grow out of the sun or open air for that be a great mutation in nature  and may induce a change in the seed as barrel up earth and sow some seed in it  and put it in the bottom of a pond or put it in some great hollow tree try  also the sow of seed in the bottom of cave and pot with seed sow hang up in  well some distance from the water and see what the event will be it be certain  that timber tree in coppice word grow more upright and more free from under  bough than those that stand in the field the Cause whereof be for that plant  have a natural motion to get to the sun and beside they be not glut with too  much nourishment for that the coppice share with they and repletion ever  hinder stature last they be keep warm and that ever in plant help mount tree  that be of themselves full of heat which heat appear by their inflammable gum  as fir and pine mount of themselves in height without side bough till they  come towards the top the Cause be partly heat and partly tenuity of juice both  which send the Sap upward as for juniper it be but a Shrub and grow not big  enough in body to maintain a tall tree it be report that a good strong canvas  spread over a tree grasted low soon after it put forth will dwarf it and make  it spread the Cause be plain for that all thing that grow will grow as they  find room tree be general set of root or kernel but if you set they of slip as  of some tree you may by name the mulberry some of the slip will take and those  that take as be report will be DwarfeTrees the Cause be for that a slip draw  nourishment more weak than either a root or kernel all plant that put forth  their Sap hasty have their body not proportionable to their length and  therefore they be window and creeper as ivy briony hop woodbine whereas  Dwarsing require a slow put forth and less vigour of mount the scripture say  that Salomon write a natural history from the cedar of Libanus to the moss  grow upon the wall for so the belt translation have it and it be true that  moss be but the rudiment of a plant and as it be the mould of earth or bark  moss grow chief upon ridge of house tile or thatch and upon the crest of wall  and that moss be of a lightsome and pleasant green the grow upon slope be  cause for that moss as on the one side it come of moisture and water so on the  other side the water must but slide and not stand or pool and the grow upon  tile or wall c be cause for that those dry earth have not moisture sufficient  to put forth a plant do practice Gormination by put forth moss though when by  age or otherwise they grow to relent and resolve they sometime put forth plant  as wall flower and almost all moss have here and there little stalk beside the  low thrum moss grow upon alley especial such as lie cold and upon the north as  in diverse terrace and again if they be much tread or if they be at the first  gravel for wheresoever plant be keep down the earth put forth moss old ground  that have be long unbroken up gather moss and therefore husbandman use to cure  theit pasture ground when they grow to moss by Tilling they for a year or two  which also depend upon the same Cause for that the more spare and starve juice  of the earth in sufficient for plant do breed moss old tree be more mossy far  than young for that the Sap be not so frank as to rise all to the bough but  tire by the way and put out moss fountain have moss grow upon the ground about  they full of moss a spring the Cause be for that the fountain drain the water  from the ground adjacent and leave but sufficient moisture to breed moss and  beside the coldness of the water conduce to the same the moss of tree be a  kind of hair for it be the juice of the tree that be excern and do not  Affimilate and upon great tree the moss gather a figure like a leaf the moist  sort of tree yield little moss as we see in asp poplar Willows beech c which  be partly cause for the reason that have be give of the frank put up of the  Sap into the bough and partly for that the bark of those tree be more close  and smooth than those of oak and ash whereby the moss can the hardlier issue  out in clay ground all fruit tree grow full of moss both upon body and bough  which be cause partly by the coldness of the ground whereby the plant nourish  less and partly by the toughness of the earth whereby the Sap be shut in and  can get up to spread so frank as it shall do we have say heretofore that if  tree be hide bind they wax less fruitful and gather moss and that they be help  by hack c and therefore by the reason of contrary if tree be bind in with cord  or some outward band they will put forth more moss which I think happen to  tree that stand bleak and upon the cold wind it will also be try whether if  you cover a tree somewhat thick upon the top after his Powling it will not  gather more moss I think also the water of tree with cold fountain water will  make they grow full of moss there be a moss the perfumer have which come out  of appletree that have a excellent send quare particular for the manner of the  growth and the nature of it and for this experiment sake be a thing of price I  have set down the last experiment how to multiply and call on moss next unto  moss I will speak of mushroom which be likewise a unperfect plant these  mushroom have two strange property the one that they yield so delicious a meat  the other that they come up so basty as in a night and yet they be unsown and  therefore such as be upstart in state they call in reproach mushroom it must  needs be therefore that they be make of much moisture and that moisture fat  gross and yet somewhat concoct and indeed we find that mushroom cause the  accident which we call incubus or the mare in the stomach and therefore the  surfeit of they may suffocate and empoison and this show that they be windy  and that windiness be gross and swell not sharp or j-vvg and upon the same  reason mushroom be a venereous meat it be report that the bark of white or  read poplar which be of the moistest of tree cut small and cast into furrow  well dung will cause the ground to put forth mushroom at all season of the  year fit to be eat some add to the mixture Leanen of breed resolve in water it  be report that if a hilly field where the stubble be stand be set on fire in a  Showry season it will put forth great store of mushroom it be report that  heart horn shave or in small piece mix with dung and water put up mushroom and  we know hartshorn be of a fat and clammy substance and it may be Oxe-Horne  will do the like it have be report though it be scarce credible that ivy have  grow out of a stag horn which they suppose do rather come from a confrication  of the horn upon the ivy than from the horn it self there be not know any  substance but earth and the procedure of earth as tile stone c that yield any  moss or hereby substance there may be trial make of some seed as that of  fennel seed mustard seed and rape seed put into some little hold make in the  horn of stag or ox to see if they will grow there be also another unperfect  plant that in show be like a great mushroom and it be sometime as broad as one  Hat which they call a toad stool but it be not esculent and it grow common by  a dead Stub of a tree and likewise about the root of rot tree and therefore  seem to take his juice from wood putrify which show by the way that wood  putrify yield a frank moisture there be a cake that grow upon the side of a  dead tree that have get no name but it be large and of a chestnut colour and  hard and pithy whereby it shall seem that even dead tree forget not their put  forth no more than the careasses of man body that put forth hair and nail for  a time there be a cod or bag that grow common in the field that at the first  be hard like a tennis ball and white and after grow of a mushroom colour and  full of light Dust upon the break and be think to be dangerous for the eye if  the powder get into they and to be good for kibe belike it have a corrosive  and fret nature there be a herb call jews ear that grow upon the root and low  part of the body of tree especial of elder and sometime ash it have a strange  property for in warm water it swell and open extreme it be not green but of a  dusky brown colour and it be use for Squinancies and inflammation in the  throat whereby it seem to have a mollify and Lenifying virtue there be a kind  of spungy excrescence which grow chief upon the root of the laser tree and  sometime upon cedar and other tree it be very white and light and friable  which we call agaric it be famous in physic for the purge of tough phlegm and  it be also a excellent opener for the liver but offensive to the stomach and  in taste it be at the first sweet and after bitter we find no super plant that  be a from plant but mistletoe they have a idle tradition that there be a bird  call a missel bird that feed upon a seed which many time she can digest and so  expel it whole with her excrement which fall upon a bough of a tree that have  some rift put forth the mistletoe but this be a fable for it be not probable  that bird shall feed upon that they can digest but allow that yet it can be  for other reason for first it be find but upon certain tree and those tree  bear no such fruit as may allure that bird to sit and feed upon they it may be  that bird feed upon the mistletoe very and so be often find there which may  have give occasion to the Tale but that which make a end of the question be  that mistletoe have be find to put forth under the bough and not only above  the bough so it can be any thing that fall upon the bough mistletoe grow chief  upon crab tree appletree sometime upon hasses and rare upon oak the mistletoe  whereof be count very medicinal it be ever green winter and summer and bear a  white glister very and it be a plant utter differ from the plant upon which it  grow two thing therefore may be certain set down first that super fatation  must be by abundance of Sap in the bough that put it forth second that that  Sap must be such as the tree do excern and can affimilate for else it will go  into a bough and beside it seem to be more fat and unctuous than the ordinary  Sap of the tree both by the very which be clammy and by that it continue green  winter and summer which the tree do not this experiment of mistletoe may give  light to other practice therefore trial will be make by rip of the bough of a  crab tree in the bark and water of the wound every day with warm water dung to  see if it will bring forth mistletoe or any such like thing but it be yet more  likely to try it with some other water or anoint that be not so natural to the  tree as water be as oil or Barme of drink c so they be such thing as kill not  the bough it be good to try what plant will put forth if they be forbid to put  forth their natural bough Poll therefore a tree and cover it some thickness  with clay on the top and see what it will put forth I suppose it will put  forth root for so will a tions be turn down into clay therefore in this  experiment also the tree will be close with somewhat that be not so natural to  the plant as clay be try it with leather or Cloth or paint so it be not  hurtful to the tree and it be certain that a break have be know to grow out of  a pollard a man may count the prickle of tree to be a kind of excrescence for  they will never be bough nor bear leave the plant that have prickle be thorn  black and white brier rise limon tree crabtree goose very Berbery these have  it in the bough the plant that have prickle in the leaf be holly juniper Whin  bush thistle nettle also have a small venomous prickle so have borrage a small  prickle but harmless the Cause must be hasty put forth want of moisture and  the closeness of the bark for the haste of the spirit to put forth and the  want of nourishment to put forth a bough and the closeness of the bark cause  prickle in bough and therefore they be ever like a pyramid for that the  moisture spend after a little put forth and for prickle in leave they come  also of put forth more juice into the leaf than can spread in the leaf smooth  and therefore the leave otherwise be rough as borrage and nettle be as for the  leave of holly they be smooth but never plain but as it be with fold for the  same Cause there be also plant that though they have no prickle yet they have  a kind of downy or velvet rind upon their leave as rise Campion stock  gillyflower colt foot which down or nap come of a subtle spirit in a soft or  fat substance for it be certain that both stock gillyflower and rise campions  stamp have be apply with success to the wrist of those that have have tertian  or quartan ague and the vapour of colt foot have a sanative virtue towards the  lung and the leaf also be heal in surgery another kind of excrescence be a  exudation of plant join with putrefaction as we see in oak apple which be find  chief upon the leave of oak and the like upon Willows and country people have  a kind of prediction that if the oak apple break be full of worm it be a sign  of a pestilent year which be a likely thing because they grow of corruption  there be also upon sweet or other brier a fine frankincense or brush of moss  of diverse colour which if you cut you shall ever find full of little white  worm it be certain that earth take out of the foundation of vault and house  and bottom of well and then put into pot will put forth sundry kind of herb  but some time be require for the germination for if it be take but from a  fathom deep it will put forth the first year if much deep not till after a  year or two the nature of the plant grow out of earth so take up do follow the  nature of the mould it self as if the mould be soft and fine it put forth soft  herb as grass Plantine and the like if the earth be hard and courser it put  forth herb more rough as thistle Firres c it be common experience that where  alley be close gravel the earth put forth the first year knot grass and after  spire grass the Cause be for that the hard gravel or pebble at the first lie  will not suffer the grass to come forth upright but turn it to find his way  where it can but after that the earth be somewhat loosen at the top the  ordinary grass come up it be report that earth be take out of shady and watery  wood some depth and pot will put forth herb of a fat and juicy substance as  penny wort purslane Hausleeke penny royal c the water also do send forth plant  that have no root fix in the bottom but they be less perfect plant be almost  but leave and those small one such be that we call duck weed which have a leaf  no big than a thyme leaf but of a fresh green and put forth a little string  into the water far from the bottom as for the water lily it have a root in the  ground and so have a number of other herb that grow in pond it be report by  some of the ancient and some modern Teftimony likewise that there be some  plant that grow upon the top of the sea be suppose to grow of some concretion  of slime from the water where the sun Beatrice hot and where the sea stir  little as for Alga Marina seaweed and eryngium Sea-Thistle both have root but  the seaweed under the water the Sea-Thistle but upon the shore the ancient  have note that there be some herb that grow out of snow lie up close together  and putrify and that they be all bitter and they name one special Flomus which  we call MothMullein it be certain that worm be find in snow common like earth  worm and therefore it be not unlike that it may likewise put forth plant the  ancient have affirm that there be some herb that grow out of stone which may  be for that it be certain that toad have be find in the middle of a free stone  we see also that flint lie above ground gather moss and wall flower and some  other flower grow upon wall but whether upon the main Bricke or stone or  whether out of the lime or chink be not well observe for elder and ash have be  see to grow out of steeple but they manifest grow out of cleave in so much as  when they grow big they will disjoin the stone and beside it be doubtful  whether the mortar it self put it forth or whether some seed be not let fall  by bird there be likewise rock herb but I suppose those be where there be some  mould or earth it have likewise be find that great tree grow upon Quarries  have put down their root into the stone in some i in Germany as be report  there grow in the bottom vegetable and the work folk use to say they have  magical virtue and will not suffer man to gather they the Sea-Sands seldom  bear plant whereof the Cause be yield by some of the ancient for that the sun  exhale the moisture before it can incorporate with the earth and yield a  nourishment for the plant and it be affirm also that sand have always his root  in clay and that there be no vein of sand any great depth within the earth it  be certain that some plant put forth for a time of their own store without any  nourishment from earth water stone c of which vide the experiment it be report  that earth that be bring out of the Indies and other remote country for  ballast of ship cast upon some ground in Italy do put forth Fortaine herb to  we in Europe not know and that which be more that of their root bark and seed  conused together and mingle with other earth and well water with warm water  there come forth herb much like the other plant bring out of hot country will  endeavour to put forth at the same time that they usual do in their own  climate and therefore to preserve they there be no more require than to keep  they from the injury of put back by cold it be report also that grain out of  the hot country translate into the cold will be more forward than the ordinary  grain of the cold country it be likely that this will prove better in grain  than in tree for that grain be but annual and so the virtue of the seed be not  wear out whereas in a tree it be embase by the ground to which it be remove  many plant which grow in the hot country be set in the cold will neucrthelesse  even in those cold country be sow of seed eat in the spring come up and abide  most part of the summer as we find it in orange and limon seed c the seed  whereof sow in the end of April will bring forth excellent salad mingle with  other herb and I doubt not but the seed of Clove tree and pepper seed c if  they can come hither green enough to be sow will do the like there be some  flower blossom grain and fruit which come more early and other which come more  late in the year the flower that come early with we be prime rise violet  anemone water daffodil crocus slave born in the master and some early  Tulippa's and they be all cold plant which therefore as it shall seem have a  quick perception of the heat of the sun increase than the hot herb have as a  cold hand will soon find a little warmth than a hot and those that come next  after be wall flower Cowflips hyacinth rosemary flower c and after they pink  rise Flowerdelnces c and the late be gilly flower holly oak lark foot c the  early blossom be the blossom of peach almond cornelian Mezerions c and they be  of such tree as have much moisture either watery or oily and therefore Grocus  slave born in the master also be a herb that have a oily luyce put forth early  for those also find the sun soon than the dry tree the grain be first rye and  wheat then oat and barley then pea and bean for though green pea and bean be  eat soon yet the dry one that be use for horse meat be ripe last and it seem  that the fat grain come first the early fruit be strawberry cherry gooseberry  Corrans and after they early apple early Pears apricot rasp and after they  Damasins and most kind of plum peach c and the late be apple warden grape nut  quince almond slow brier very Heps medlar service cornelian c it be to be note  that common tree that ripen late blossom soon as peach cornelian slow almond c  and it seem to be a work of providence that they blossom so soon for otherwise  they can not have the sun long enough to ripen there be fruit but rare that  come twice a tear as some Pears strawberry c and it seem they be such as  abound with nourishment whereby after one period before the sun wax too weak  they can endure another the violet also among flower come twice a year  especial the double white and that also be a plant full of moisture rise come  twice but it be not without eat as have be former say in Muscbuia though the  corn come not up till late spring yet their harvest be as early as we the  Cause be for that the strength of the ground be keep in with the snow and we  see with we that if it be a long winter it be common a more plentiful tear and  after those kind of winter likewise the flower and corn which be early and  late do come common at once and at the same time which trouble the husbandman  many time for you shll have read rise and damask rise come together and  likewise the harness of wheat and barley but this happen ever for that the  early stay for the late and not that the late come soon there be diverse fruit  tree in the hot country which have blossom and young fruit and ripe fruit  almost all the year succeed one another and it be say the orange have the like  with we for a great part of summer and so also have the fig and no doubt the  natural motion of plant be to have so but that either they want luyce to spend  or they meet with the cold of the winter and therefore this circle of ripen  can be but in succulent plant and hot country some herb be but annual and die  root and all once a year as borrage lettuce cucumber musk melon Bafill tobacco  mustard seed and all kind of corn some continue many year as hyssop germander  Lanander fennel c the Cause of the die be double the first be the tenderness  and weakness of the seed which make the period in a small time as it be in  borrage Lettnce cucumber corn c and therefore none of these be hot the other  Cause be for that some herb can worse endure cold as basil tobacco mustard  seed and these have all much heat the last of plant be most in those that be  large of body as oak elm chestnut the loat tree c and this hold in tree but in  herb it be often contrary for borage colewort pompion which be herb of the  large size be of small durance whereas hyssop winter savoury germander thyme  sage will last long the Cause be for that tree last accord to the strength and  quantity of their Sap and juice be well munited by their bark against the  injury of the air but herb draw a weak luyce and have a soft stalk and  therefore those among they which last long be herb of strong smell and with a  sticky stalk tree that bear mast and nut be common more last than those that  bear fruit especial the moist fruit as oak beech chestnut wall nut almond pine  tree c last long than apple Pears plum c the Cause be the fatness and oiliness  of the Sap which ever waste less than the more watery tree that bring forth  their leave late in the year and cast they likewise late be more last than  those that sprout their leave early or shed they betimes the Cause be for that  the late come forth show a moisture more fix and the other more lose and more  easy resolve and the same Cause be that wild tree last long than garden tree  and in the same kind those who fruit be unpleasantly more than those who fruit  be sweet nothing procure the last of tree bush and herb so much as often cut  for every cut cause a renovation of the Iuyee of the plant that it neither go  so far nor rise so faint as when the plant be not cut insomuch as annual plant  if you cut they seasonable and will spare the use of they and suffer they to  come up still young will last more year than one as have be partly touch such  as be lettuce purslane cucumber and the like and for great tree we see almost  all over grow tree in church yard or near ancient building and the like be  pollard or Dottards and not tree at their full height some experiment will be  make how by be to make plant more last than their ordinary period as to make a  stalk of wheat c last a whole year you must ever presuppose that you handle it  so as the winter kill it not for we speak only of prolong the natural period I  conceive that the rule will hold that whatsoever make the herb come late than  at his time will make it last long time it be good to try it in a stalk of  wheat c set in the shade and encompass with a case of wood not touch the straw  to keep out open air as for the preservation of fruit and plant as well upon  the tree or stalk as gather we shall handle it under the Title of conservation  of body the particular figure of plant we leave to their description but some  few thing in general we will observe tree and herb in the grow forth of their  bough and branch be not figure and keep no order the Cause be for that the Sap  be restrain in the rind and bark break not forth at all as in the body of tree  and stalk of herb till they begin to branch and then when they make a eruption  they break forth casual where they find best way in the bark or rind it be  true that some tree be more scatter in their bough as sallow tree warden tree  quince tree medlar tree limon tree c some be more in the from of a pyramid and  come almost to todd as the pear tree which the critic will have to borrow his  name of fire orange tree fir tree service tree LimeTrees c and some be more  spread and broad as beech Hornebeame c the rest be more indifferent the Cause  of scatter the bough be the hasty break forth of the Sap and therefore those  tree rise not in a body of any height but branch near the ground the Cause of  the pyramid be the keep in of the Sap long before it branch and the spend of  it when it begin to branch by equal degree the spread be cause by the carry up  of the Sap plentiful without expense and then put it forth speedy and at once  there be diverse herb but no tree that may be say to have some kind of order  in the put forth of their leave for they have joint or knuckle as it be stop  in their germination as have gillyflower pink fennel corn reed and cane the  Cause whereof be for that the Sap ascend unequal and do as it be tire and stop  by the way and it seem they have some closeness and hardness in their stalk  which bind the Sap from go up until it have gather into a knot and so be more  urge to put forth and therefore they be most of they hollow when the stalk be  dry as fennel stalk stubble and cane flower have all exquisite figure and the  flower number be chief five and four as in prime rise brier rise single  MuskeRoses single pink and gilly flower c which have five leave lily  flower-de-luce borage bugloss   c which have four leave but some put forth  leave not number but they be ever small one as marry gold Trisoile c we see  also that the socket and supporter of flower be figure as in the five brother  of the rise socket of gilly flower c leave also be all figure some round some  long none square and many jagged on the side which leave of flower seldom be  for I account the jagging of pink and gillyflower to be like the inequality of  oak leave or vine leave or the like but they seldom or never have any small  pearl of plant some few put forth their blossom before their leave as almond  peach cornelian black thorn c but most put forth some leave before their  blossom as apple Pears plum cherry white thorn c the Cause be for that those  that put forth their blossom first have either a acute and sharp spirit and  therefore common they all put forth early in the spring and ripen very late as  most of the particular before mention or else a oily juice which be apt to put  out flower than leave of plant some be green all winter other cast their leave  there be green all winter holly iny box fir yew cypress juniper baize rise  marry c the Cause of the hold green be the close and compact substance of  their leave and the pedicle of they and the Cause of that again be either the  tough and viscous juice of the plant or the strength and heat thereof of the  first sort be holly which be of so viscous a juice as they make bird lime of  the bark of it the stalk of ivy be tough and not fragile as we see in other  small twig dry fir yield pitch box be a fast and heavy wood as we see it in  bowl yew be a strong and tough wood as we see it in bow of the second sort be  juniper which be a wood odorate and make a hot fire baize be likewise a hot  and aromatical wood and so be rise marry for a Shrub as for the leave their  density appear in that either they be smooth and shine as in baize holly ivy  box c or in that they be hard and spiry as in the rest and trial will be make  of graft of rosemary and baize and box upon a holly stock because they be  planes that come all winter it be good to try it also with graft of other tree  either fruit tree or wild tree to see whether they will not yield their fruit  or bear their leave late and long in the winter because the Sap of the holly  put forth most in the winter it may be also a Mexerion tree graft upon a holly  will prove both a early and a great tree there be some plant that bear no  flower and yet bear fruit there be some that bear flower and no fruit there be  some that bear neither flower nor fruit most of the great timber tree as oak  beech c bear not apparent flower some few likewise of the fruit tree as  mulberry Wall-unt c and some shrub as juniper holly c bear no flower diverse  herb also bear seed which be as the fruit and yet bear no flower as Parslane c  those that bear flower and no fruit be few at the double cherry the sallow c  but for the cherry it be doubtful whether it be not by be or culture for if it  be by be then trial will be make whether apple and other fruit blossom may not  be double there be some few that bear neither fruit nor flower as the elm the  poplar box break c there be some plant that shoot still upward and can support  themselves as the great part of tree and plant there be some other that creep  along the ground or wind about other tree or prop and can support themselves  as vine ivy Briar briony woodbine hop's abl. plur. camomile c the Cause be as  have be partly touch for that all plant natural move upward but if the Sap put  up too fast it make a slender stalk which will not support the weight and  therefore these latter sort be all swift and hasty comer the first and most  ordinary help be stercoration the sheep dung be one of the best and next the  dung of Kine and three that of horse which be hold to be somewhat too hot  unless it be mingle that of pigeon for a garden or a small quantity of ground  excel the order of dung be if the ground be arable to spread it immediate  before the Plonghing and sow and so to plough it in for if you spread it long  before the sun will draw out much of the fatness of the dung if the ground be  graze ground to spread it somewhat late towards winter that the sun may have  the less power to dry it up as for special compost for garden as a hot bed c  we have handle they before the second kind of compost be the spread of diverse  kind of earth as Marl chalk sea-sand earth upon earth pond earth and the  mixture of they Marl be think to be the best as have most fatness and not heat  the ground too much the next be sea-sand which no doubt obtain a special  virtue by the salt for salt be the first rudiment of life chalk over heat the  ground a little and therefore be best upon gold clay ground or moist ground  but I hear a great husband say that it be a common error to think that chalk  help arable ground but help not graze ground whereas indeed it help grass as  well as corn but that which breed the error be because after the chalk of the  ground they wear it out with many Crops without rest and then indeed afterward  it will bear little grass because the gound be tire out it be good to try the  lie of chalk upon arable ground a little while before plough and to plough it  in as they do the dung but then it must be friable first by rain or lie as for  earth it Copasss it self for I know a great garden that have a field in a  manner pour upon it and it do bear fruit excellent the first year of the plant  for the surface of the earth be ever the fruitful and earth so prepare have a  double surface but it be true as I coeiue that such earth as have salt petre  breed in it if you can procure it without too much charge do excel the way to  hasten the breed of salt petre be to forbid the sun and the growth of  vegetable and therefore if you make a large Houell thatch over some quantity  of ground nay if you do but plank the ground over it will breed salt petre as  for pond earth or river earth it be a very good compost especial if the pond  have be long uncleansed and so the water be not too hungry and I judge it will  be yet better if there be some mixture of chalk the three help of ground be by  some other substance that have a virtue to make ground fertile though they be  not mere earth wherein ash excel in so much as the country about Aetna and  vesuvius have a kind of amends make they for the mischief the eruption many  time do by the exceed fruit fullness of the soil cause by the ash scatter  about soot also though thin spread in a field or garden be try to be a very  good compost for salt it be too costly but it be try that mingle with seed  corn and sow together it do good and I be of opinion that chalk in powder  mingle with SeedCorne will do good perhaps as much as chalk the ground all  over as for the steep of the seed in several mixture with water to give they  vigour or water ground with compost water we have speak of they before the  four help of ground be the suffer of vegetable to die into the ground and so  to fatten it as the stubble of corn especial PeaseBrakes cast upon the ground  in the beginning of winter will make it very fruitful it be good also to try  whether leave of tree sweep together with some chalk and dung mix to give they  more heart will not make a good compost for there be nothing lose so much as  leave of tree and as they lie scatter and without mixture they rather make the  ground sour than otherwise the five help of ground be heat and warmth it have  be group of musical notes practice to burn heath and ling and sedge with the  vantage of wind upon the ground we see that warmth of wall and Encloes mend  ground we see also that lie open to the south mint ground we see again that  the fold of sheep help ground will by their warmth as by their compost and it  may be doubt there the cover of the ground with break in the beginning of the  winter where of we speak in the last experiment help it not by reason of the  warmth nay some very good husband do suspect that the gather up of flint in  flinty ground and lie they on heap which be much use be no good husbandry for  that they will keep the ground warm the six help of ground be by Watering and  irrigation which be in two Munners the one by let in and Shutti gout water at  seasonable tune for water at some season and with reasonable dry death good  but at some other season and with too long stay do and this serve only for  meadow which be along some Rtuer the other way be to bring water from some  hang ground where there be spring into the low ground carry it in some furrow  and from those furrow draw it traverse to spread the water and this make a  excellent improvement both for corn and grass it be the rich if those hang  ground be fruitful because it wash off some of the fatness of the earth but  howsoever it profit much general where there be great overflow in fen or the  like the drown of they in the winter make the summer follow more fruitful the  Cause may be for that it keep the ground warm and nourish it but the fenman  hold that the sewer must be keep so as the water may not stay too long in the  spring till the weed and sedge be grow up for then the ground will be like a  wood which keep out the sun and so continue the Wet whereby it will peuer  graze to purpose that year thus much for irrigation but for Anoydances and  drain of water where there be too much and the help of ground in that kind we  shall speak of they in another place