natural history VII century the difference between animate and inanimate body  we shall handle full under the Title of life and live spirit and power we  shall therefore make but a brief mention of they in this place the main  difference be two all body have spirit and pneumatical part within they but  the main difference between animate and inanimate be two the first be that the  spirit of thing animate be all continue with themselves and be branch in vein  and secret a pipe as blood be and in live creature the spirit have not only  branch but certain cell or seat where the principal spirit do reside and  whereunto the rest do resort but the spirit in thing inanimate be shut in and  cut off by the tangible part and be not pervious one to another as air be in  snow the second main difference be that the spirit of animate body be all in  some degree more or less kindle and inflame and have a fine commixture of  flame and a aerial substance but inanimate body have their spirit no whit  inflame or kindle and this difference consist not in the heat or coolness of  spirit for cleave and other spice naphtha and petroleum have exceed hot spirit  hot a great deal than oil wax or tallow c but not inflame and when any of  those weak and temperate body come to be inflame then they gather a much great  heat than other have Vn-inflamed beside their light and motion c the  difference which be secondary and proceed from these two radical difference be  first plant be all figurate and determinate which inanimate body be not for  look how far the spirit be able to spread and continue it self so far go the  shape or figure and then be determine second plant do nourish inanimate body  do not they have a accretion but no alimentation three plant have a period of  life which inanimate body have not fourthly they have a Succession and  propagation of their kind which be not in body inanimate the difference  between plant and metal or Fossiles beside those four before mention for metal  I hold inanimate be these first metal be more durable than plant second they  be more solid and hard three they be whole subterrany whereas plant be part  above earth and part under earth there be very few creature that participate  of the nature of plant and metal both coral be one of the near of both kind  another be vitriol for that be apt to sprout with moisture another special  affinity be between plant and mould or putrefaction for all putrefaction if it  dissolve not in arefaction will in the end issue into plant or live creature  breed of putrefaction I account moss and mushroom and Agaricke and other of  those kind to be but mould of the ground wall and tree and the like as for  flesh and fish and plant themselves and a number of other thing after a  moldiness or Rottensesse or corrupt they will fall to breed worm these  putrefaction which have affinity with plant have this difference from they  that they have no Succession or propagation though they nourish and have a  period of life and have likewise some figure I leave once by chance a citron  cut in a close room for three summer month that I be absent and at my return  there be grow forth out of the pith cut tuft of hair a inch long with little  black head as if they will have be some herb the affinity and difference  between plant and live creature be these that follow they have both of they  spirit continue and branch and also inflame but first in live creature the  spirit have a Cell or seat which plant have not as be also former say and  second the spirit of live creature hold more of flame than the spirit of plant  do and these two be the radical difference for the secondary difference they  be as follow first plant be all fix to the earth whereas all live creature be  sever and of themselves second live creature have local motion plant have not  three live creature nourish from their Upper part by the mouth chief plant  nourish from below namely from the root fourthly plant have their seed and  seminal part uppermost live creature have they low most and therefore it be  say not elegant alone but philosophical Homoest sole  inverse man be like a  plant turn upward for the root in plant be as the head in live creature five  live creature have a more exact figure than plant six live creature have more  diversity of organ within their body and as it be inward figure than plant  have seven live creature have sense which plant have not eighthly live  creature have voluntary motion which plant have not for the difference of sex  in plant they be oftentimes by name distinguish as male piony female piony  male rosemary FemaleRose marry Hee-Holly she holly c but generation by  copulation certain extend not to plant the near approach of it be between the  Hee-Palme and the she palm which as they report if they grow near incline the  one to the other in so much as that which be more strange they doubt not to  report that to keep the tree upright from bend they tie rope or line from the  one to the other that the contact may be enjoy by the contact of a middle body  but this may be feign or at least amplify nevertheless I be apt enough to  think that this same binarium of a strong and a weak like unto masculine and  feminine do hold in all live body it be confound sometime as in some creature  of putrefaction wherein no mark of distinction appear and it be double  sometime as in hermaphrodite but general there be a degree of strength in most  species the participle or Consiners between plant and live creature be such  chief as be fix and have no local motion of remove though they have a motion  in their part such as be oyster cockle and such like there be a fabulous  narration that in the Northern country there shall be a herb that grow in the  likeness of a lamb and feed upon the grass in such sort as it will bear the  grass round about but I suppose that the figure make the fable for so we see  there be Bee-Flowers c and as for the grass it seem the plant have a great  stalk and top do prey upon the grass a good way about by draw the juice of the  earth from it the Indian fig bow his root down so low in one year as of it  self it take root again and so multiply from root to root make of one tree a  kind of wood the Cause be the plenty of the Sap and the softness of the stalk  which make the bough be overload and not stiff uphold weigh down it have leave  as broad as a little target but the fruit no big than bean the Cause be for  that the continual shade increase the leave and abate the fruit which  nevertheless be of a pleasant taste and that no doubt be cause by the  suppleness and gentleness of the juice of that plant be that which make the  bough also so flexible it be report by one of the ancient that there be a  certain Indian tree have few but very great leave three cubit long and two  broad and that the fruit be of good taste grow out of the bark it may be there  be plant that pour out the Sap so fast as they have no leisure either to  divide into many leave or to put forth stalk to the fruit with we tree general  have final leave in comparison the fig have the great and next it the vine  mulberry and sycamore and the least be those of the willow birch and thorn but  there be find herb with far great leave than any tree as the burr Gourd  cucumber and coal wort the Cause be like to that of the Indian fig the hasty  and plentiful put forth of the Sap there be three thing in use for sweetness  sugar honey manna for sugar to the ancient it be scarce know and little use it  be find in cane quare whether to the first knuckle or further up and whether  the very bark of the cane it self do yield sugar or no for honey the be make  it or gather it but I have hear from one that be industrious in husbandry that  the labour of the be be about the wax and that he have know in the beginning  of may honey comb empty of honey and within a forthnight when the sweet due  fall fill like a cellar it be report also by some of the ancient that there be  a tree call Occhus in the valley of Hyrcanis that distil honey in the morning  it be not unlike that the Sap and tear of some tree may be sweet it may be  also that some sweet juice fit for many use may be concoct out of fruit to the  thickness of honey or perhaps of sugar the likely be raisin of the sun fig and  Corrans the mean may be inquire the ancient report of a tree by the Persian  sea upon the ShoreSands which be nourish with the salt water and when the tide  ebb you shall see the root as it be bear without bark be as it seem corrode by  the salt grasp the sand like a crab which nevertheless bear a fruit it be good  to try some hard tree as a service tree or fir tree by set they within the  sand there be of plant which they use for garment these that follow hemp flax  cotton nettle whereof they make nettle Cloth silk which be a grow silk they  make also cable of the bark of lime tree it be the stalk that make the  filaceous matter common and sometime the down that grow above they have in  some country a plant of a rosy colour which shut in the night open in the  morning and open wide at noon which the inhabitant of those country say be a  plant that sleep there be sleeper enough then for almost all flower do the  like some plant there be but rare that have a mossy or downy root and likewise  that have a number of thread like beard as mandrake whereof witch and impostor  make a ugly image give it the from of a face at the top of the root and leave  those string to make a broad beard down to the foot also there be a kind of  nard in Crete be a kind of phu that have a root hairy like a rough footed dove  foot so as you may see there be of root bulbous root fibrous root and hirsute  root and I take it in the bulbous the Sap hasten most to the air and sun in  the fibrous the Sap dollghreth more in the earth and therefore put downward  and the hirsute be a middle between both that beside the put forth upward and  downward put forth in round there be some tear of tree which be kembed from  the beard of goat for when the goat bite and crop they especial in the morning  the due be on the tear come forth and hang upon their beard of this sort be  some kind of laudanum the irrigation of the plain tree by wine be report by  the ancient to make it fruitful it will be try likewise with root for upon  seed it work no great effect the way to carry Farraine root a long way be to  vessel they close in Earthan vessel but if the vessel be not very great you  must make some hold in the bottom to give some refreshment to the root which  otherwise as it seem will decay and suffocate the ancient cinnamon be of all  other plant while it grow the dry and those thing which be know to comfort  other plant do make that more sterile for in shower it prosper worst it grow  also among bush of other kind where common plant do not thrive neither do it  love the sun there may be one Cause of all those effect namely the spare  nourishment which that plant require quare how far cassia which be now the  substitute of cinnamon do participate of these thing it be report by one of  the ancient that cassia when it be gather be put into the skin of beast new  flay and that the skin corrupt and breed worm the worm do devour the pith and  marrow of it and so make it hollow but meddle not with the bark because to  they it be bitter there be in ancient time vine of far great body than we know  any for there have be cup make of they and a image of Jupiter but it be like  they be wild vine for the vine that they use for wine be so often cut and so  much dig and dress that their Sap spend into the grape and so the stalk can  increase much in bulk the wood of vine be very durable without Rotting and  that which be strange though no tree have the twig while they be green so  brittle yet the wood dry be extreme tough and be use by the captain of army  among the Roman for their cudgel it be report that in some place vine be  suffer to grow like herb spread upon the ground and that the grape of those  vine be very great it be good to make trial whether plant that use to be bear  up by prop will not put forth great leave and great fruit if they be lie along  the ground as hop lie wood bane c quince or apple c if you will keep they long  drown they in honey but because honey perhaps will give they a taste  Ouerlushious it be good to make trial in powder of sugar or in syrup of wine  only boil to height both these will likewise be try in orange lemon and  pomegranate for the powder of sugar and syrup of wine will serve for more time  than once the conservation of fruit will be also try in vessel fill with fine  sand or with powder of chalk or in meal and flower or in Dust of oak wood or  in mill such fruit as you appoint for long keep you must gather before they be  full ripe and in a fair and dry day towards noon and when the wind blow not  south and when the moon be under the earth and in decrease take grape and hang  they in a empty vessel well stop and set the vessel not in a cellar but in  some dry place and it be say they will last long but it be report by some they  will keep better in a vessel half full of wine so that the grape touch not the  wine it be report that the preserve of the stalk help to preserve the grape  especial if the stalk be put into the pith of elder the elder not touch the  fruit it be report by some of the ancient that fruit put in bottle and the  bottle let down into well under water will keep long of herb and plant some be  good to eat raw as lettuce endive purslane Tarragon cress cucumber musk melon  radish c other only after they be boil or have pass the fire as parsley clary  sage parsnip turnip asparagus artichoke though they also be young be eat raw  but a number of herb be not esculent at all as worm wood grass Greek corn  Centory hyssop lavender balm c the cause be for that the herb that be not  esculent do want the two taste in which nourishment rest which be fat and  sweet and have contrariwise bitter and over strong taste or a juice so Crude  as can be ripen to the degree of nourishment herb and plant that be esculent  raw have fatness or sweetness as all esculent fruit such be onion lettuce c  but then it must be such a fatness for as for sweet thing they be in effect  always esculent as be not over gross and load of the stomach for parsnip and  leek have fatness but it be too gross and heavy without boil it must be also  in a substance somewhat tender for we see wheat barley artichoke be no good  nourishment till they have pass the fire but the fire do ripen and make they  soft and tender and so they become esculent as for radish and Tarragon and the  like they be for condiment and not for nourishment and even some of those herb  which be not esculent be notwithstanding poculent as hop's broom c quare what  herb be good for drink beside the two aforenamed for that it may perhaps ease  the charge of brew if they make beer to require less malt or make it last long  part fit for the nourishment of man in plant be seed root and fruit but chief  seed and root for leave they give no nourishment at all or very little no more  do flower or blossom or stalk the reason be for that root and seed and fruit  in as much as all plant consist of a oily and watery substance commix have  more of the oily substance and leave flower c of the watery and second they be  more concoct for the root which continue ever in the earth be still concoct by  the earth and fruit and grain we see be half a year or more in concoct whereas  leave be out and perfect in a month plant for the most part be more strong  both in taste and smell in the seed than in the leaf and root the Cause be for  that in plant that be not of a fierce and eager spirit the virtue be increase  by concoction and maturation which be ever most in the seed but in plant that  be of a fierce and eager spirit they be strong while the spirit be enclose in  the root and the spirit do but weaken and dissipate when they come to the air  and sun as we see it in onion garlic dragon c nay there be plant that have  their root very hot and aromatical and their seed rather insipid as ginger the  Cause be as be touch before for that the heat of those plant be very  dissipable which under the earth be contain and hold in but when it come to  the air it exhale the juice of fruit be either watery or oily I reckon among  the watery all the fruit out of which drink be express as the grape the apple  the pear the cherry the pomgranate c and there be some other which though they  be not in use for drink yet they appear to be of the same nature as plum  Serukes mulberry rasp orange lemon c and for those juice that be so fleshy as  they can make drink by expression yet perhaps they may make drink by mixture  of water Pocula{que mixture to imitate of the vine sorb and it may be Heps and  brier very will do the like those that have oily juice be olive almond nut of  all sort pine apple c and their juice be all inflammable and you must observe  also that some of the watery juice after they have gather spirit will burn and  inflame as wine there be a three kind of fruit that be sweet without either  sharpness or oiliness such as be the fig and the date it have be note that  most tree and special those that bear mast be fruitful but once in two year  the Cause no doubt be the expense of Sap for many orchard tree well culture  will bear diverse year together there be no tree which beside the natural  fruit do bear so many bastard fruit as the oak do for beside the acorn it bear  gall oak apple and certain oak nut which be inflammable and certain oak very  stick close to the body of the tree without stalk it bear also mistletoe  though rare the Cause of all these may be the closeness and solidness of the  wood and pith of the oak which make several juice find several eruption and  therefore if you will devise to make any super plant you must ever give the  Sap plentiful rise and hard issue there be two excrescence which grow upon  tree both of they in the nature of mushroom the one the Roman call boletus  which grow upon the root of oak and be one of the dainty of their table the  other be medicinal that be call Agaricke whereof we have speak before which  grow upon the top of oak though it be affirm by some that it grow also at the  root I do conceive that many Exerescences of tree grow chief where the tree be  dead or fade for that the natural Sap of the tree corrupt into some  preternatural substance the great part of tree bear most and best on the low  bough as oak fig wall nut Pears c but some bear best on the TopBoughes as crab  c those that bear best below be such as shade do more good to than hurt for  general all fruit bear best low because the Sap tire not have but a short way  and therefore in fruit spread upon wall the low be the great as be former say  so it be the shade that hinder the low bough except it be in such tree as  delight in shade or at least bear it well and therefore they be either strong  tree as the oak or else they have large leave as the walnut and fig or else  they grow in Pyrais as the pear but if they require very much sun they bear  best on the top as it be in crab apple plum c there be tree that bear best  when they begin to be old as almond Pears vine and all tree that give mast the  Cause be for that all tree that bear mast have a oily fruit and young tree  have a more watery juice and less concoct and of the same kind also be the  almond the pear likewise though it be not oily yet it require much Sap and  well concoct for we see it be a heavy fruit and solid much more than apple  plum c as for the vine it be note that it bear more grape when it be young but  grape that make better wine when it be old for that the juice be better  concoct and we see that wine be Insflammable so as it have a kind of oiliness  but the most part of tree among which be apple plum c bear best when they be  young there be plant that have a milk in they when they be cut as fig old  lettuce sow thistle spurge c the Cause may be a inception of putrefaction for  those milk have all a acrimony though one will think they shall be lenitive  for if you write upon paper with the milk of the fig the letter will not be  see until you hold the paper before the fire and then they wax brown which  show that it be a sharp or fret juice lettuce be think poisonous when it be so  old as to have milk spurge be a kind of poison in it self and as for sow  thistle though cony eat they yet sheep and cattle will not touch they and  beside the milk of they rub upon wart in short time wear they away which show  the milk of they to be Corrosine we see also that wheat and other corn sow if  you take they forth of the ground before they sprout be full of milk and the  beginning of germination be ever a kind of putrefaction of the seed euphorbium  also have a milk though not very white which be of a great acrimony and  saladine have a yellow milk which have likewise much acrimony for it cleanse  the eye it be good also for cataract mushroom be report to grow as well upon  the body of tree as upon their root or upon the earth and especial upon the  oak the Cause be for that strong tree be towards such Excrescces in the nature  of earth and therefore put forth moss mushroom and the like there be hardly  find a plant that yield a read juice in the blade or ear except it be the tree  that bear blood dragon which grow chief in the island Soquotra the herb  amaranthus indeed be read all over and brazil be read in the wood and so be  read sunder that tree of the blood dragon grow in the from of a sugar loaf it  be like that the Sap of that plant concoct in the body of the tree for woe see  that grape and pomegranate be read in the juice but be green in the tear and  this make the tree of blood dragon lesser towards the top because the juice  hasten not up and beside it be very astringent and therefore of slow motion it  be report that sweet moss beside that upon the apple tree grow likewise  sometime upon poplar and yet general the poplar be a smooth tree of bark and  have little moss the moss of the larch tree burn also sweet and sparkle in the  burn quaere of the moss of oderate tree as cedar cypress lignum aloe c the  death that be most without pain have be note to be upon the take of the Petium  of Hemloche which in humanity be the from of execution of capital offender in  Athens the poison of the asp that Cleopatra use have some affinity with it the  Cause be for that the torment of death be chief raise by the strife of the  spirit and these vapour quench the spirit by degree like to the death of a  extreme old man I conceive it be less painful than opium because opium have  part of heat mix there be fruit that be sweet before they be ripe as  Mirabolanes so revuell seed be sweet before they ripen and after grow spicy  and some never ripen to be sweet as tamarind Berberries crab slow c the Cause  be for that the former kind have eh and subtle heat which cause early  sweetness the latter have a cold and unpleasantly juice which no heat of the  sun can sweeten but as for the Mirabelane it have part of contrary nature for  it be sweet and yet Astringont there be few herb that have a salt taste and  contrariwise all blood of live creature have a saltness the Cause may be for  that salt though it be the Audiment of life yet in plant the original taste  remain not for you shall have they bitter sour sweet bite but seldom salt but  in live creature all those high taste may happen to be sometime in the humour  but be seldom in the flesh or substance because it be of a more oily nature  which be not very susceptible of those taste and the saltness it self of blood  be but a light and secret saltness and even among plant some do participate of  saltness as Alga Marina sampire scorny grass c and they report there be in  some of the Indian sea a swim plant which they call Salgazus spread over the  sea in such sort as one will think it be a meadow it be certain that out of  the ash of all plant they extract a salt which they use in medicine it be  report by one of the ancient that there be a herb grow in the water call  Lincostis which be full of prickle this herb put forth another small herb out  of the leaf which be impute to some moisture that be gather between the  prickle which putrify by the sun germinates but I remember also I have see for  a great rarity one rise grow out of another like honey suckle that they call  top and Top-gallants barley as appear in the malt be steep in water three day  and afterward the water drain from it and the barley turn upon a dry floor  will sprout half a inch long at least and if it be let alone and not turn much  more until the heart be out wheat will do the same try it also with pea and  bean this experiment be not like that of the Orpin and always vine for there  it be of the old store for no water be add but here it be nourish from the  water the experiment will be further drive for it appear already by that which  have be say that earth be not necessary to the first sprout of plant and we  see that rise bud set in water will blow therefore try whether the sprout of  such grain may not be raise to a further degree as to a herb or flower with  water only or some small commixture of earth for if they will it shall seem by  the experiment before both of the malt and of the rise that they will come far  fast on in water than in earth for the nourishment be easy draw out of water  than out of earth it may give some light also that drink infuse with flesh as  that with the capon c will nourish fast and easy than meat and drink together  try the same experiment with root as well as with grain as for example take a  turnip and steep it a while and then dry it and see whether it will sprout  malt in the Drenbing will swell and in such a manner as after the put forth in  sprout and the dry upon the keel there will be gain at least a bushel in eight  and yet the sprout be rub off and there will be a bushel of Dust beside the  malt which I suppose to be not only by the lose and open lie of the part but  by some addition of substance draw from the water in which it be steep malt  gather a sweetness to the taste which appear yet more in the wort the  dulcoration of thing be worthy to be try to the full for that dulcoration  import a degree to nourishment and the make of thing Inalimentall to become  alimental may be a experiment of great profit for make new victual most seed  in the grow leave their husk or rind about the root but the onion will carry  it up that it will be like a cap upon the top of the young onion the Cause may  be for that the skin or husk be not easy to break as we see by the peel of  onion what a hold substance the skin be plant that have curl leave do all  abound with moisture which come so fast on as they can spread themselves plain  but must needs gather together the weak kind of curl be roughness as in clary  and burr the second be curl on the side as in lettuce and young cabbage and  the three be fold into a head as in cabbage full grow and cabbage lettuce it  be report that fir and pine especial if they be old and putrify though they  shine not as some rot wood do yet in the sudden break they will sparkle like  hard sugar the root of tree do some of they put downward deep into the ground  as the oak pine fir c some spread more towards the surface of the earth as the  ash cypress tree oline c the Cause of this latter may be for that such tree as  love the sun do not Willing descend far into the earth and therefore they be  common tree that shoot up much for in their body their desire of approach to  the sun make they spread the less and the same reason under ground to avoid  recess from the sun make they spread the more and we see it come to pass in  some tree which have be plant too deep in the ground that forloue of approach  to the sun they forsake their first root and put out another more towards the  top of the earth and we see also that the olive be full of oily juice and ash  make the best fire and cypress be a hot tree as for the oak which be of the  former sort it love the earth and therefore grow slow and for the pine and fir  likewise they have so much heat in themselves as they needs less the heat of  the sun there be herb also that have the same difference as the herb they call  death devil which put the root down so low as you can pull it up without break  which give occasion to the nme and for that it be say it be so wholesome a  root that the devil when it be gather bit for enny and some of the ancient do  report that there be a goodly fir which they desire to remove whole that have  a root under ground eight cubit deep and so the root come up break it have be  observe than a branch of a tree be Vnberked some space at the bottom and so  set into the ground have grow even of such tree as if the branch be set with  the bark on they will not grow yet codriwise we see that a Treeared round in  the body above ground will die the Cause may be for that the unbark part draw  the nourishment best but the bark continue it only grape will continue fresh  and moist all winter long if you hang they cluster by cluster in the roof of a  warm room especial it when you gather the cluster you take off with the  cluster some of the stock the reed or cane be a watery plant and grow not but  in the water it have these property that it be hollow that it be knuckle both  stalk and root that be dry it be more hard and fragile than other wood that it  put forth no bough though many stalk come out of one root it differ much in  greatness the small be fit for thatch of house and stop the chink of ship  better than glue or pitch the second bigness be use for angle rod and staff  and in china for Beatrice of offender upon the thigh the differ kind of they  be the common reed the cassia fistula and the sugar reed of all Blants it bow  the easy and rise again it seem that among plant which be nourish with mixture  of earth and water it draw most nourishment from water which make it the  smooth of all other in bark and the hollowest in body the Sap of tree when  they be let blood be of differ nature some more watery and clear as that of  vine of beech of Pears some thick as apple some gum as cherry some Frathie as  elm some milky as in mulberry the Sap seem to be almost towards the bark only  for if you cut the tree a little into the bark with a stone it will come forth  if you pierce it deep with a tool it will be dry the tree which have the  moistest juice in their fruit have common the moistest Sap in their body for  the vine and Pears be very moist apple sum hat more spungy the milk of the fig  have the quality of the rnea to gather cheese and so have certain Sonre herb  wherewith they make cheese in lend the timber and wood be in some tree more  clean in some more Kntie and it be a good trial to try it by speak at one end  and lie the be at the other for if it he Kntie the voice will not pass well  some have the vein more vary and chamlotted as oak whereof Wainscat it make  maple whereof trencher be make some more smooth as fir and Walnnt some do more  easy breed worm and spider some more hardly as it be say of Irish tree beside  there be a number of difference that concern their use as oak cedar and Chesut  be the best builder some be best for plough timber as ash some for peer that  be sometime wet and sometime dry as elm some for plancher as deal some for  table cupboard and desk as Wannts some for ship timber as oak that grow in  moist ground for that make the timber tough and not apt to rift with Qdan  where in English and Irish timber be think excel some for mosts of ship as fir  and pine because of their length straightness and lightness some for pale as  oak some for fuel as ash and so of the rest the come of tree and plant in  certain region and net in other be sometime casual for many have be translate  and have prosper well as damask rise that have not be know in England above a  hundred year and now be so common but the like of plant in certain soil more  than in other be mere natural as the fir and pine love the mountain the poplar  willow sallow and Alder love river and moist place the ash love coppice but be  best in standard alone luniper love chalk and so do most FruitTrees sampire  grow but upon rock reed and Ofiers grow where they be wash with water the vine  love side of hill turn upon the south east sun c the put forth of certain herb  discover of what nature the ground where they put forth be as wild thyme show  good feed ground for cattle betony and strawberry show ground fit for wood  Camill show mellow ground fit for wheat mustard seed grow after the plough  show a good strong ground also for wheat burnet show good meadow and the like  there be find in diverse country some other plant that grow out of tree and  plant beside Misseltes as in Syria there be a herb call Cassytas that grow out  of tall tree and wind it self about the same tree where it grow and sometime  about thorn there be a kind of polypode that grow out of tree though it wind  not so likewise a herb call fan upon the wild oline and a herb call hippopha  upon the full thorn which they say be good for the fall sickness it have be  obrerue by ome or the ancient that howsoever cold and easterly wind be think  to be great enemy to fruit yet nevertheless south wind be also find to do hure  especial in the blossom time and the more if shower follow it seem they call  forth the moisture too fast the west wind be the best it have be observe also  that green and open winter do hurt tree insomuch as if two or three such  winter come together almond tree and some other tree will die the Cause be the  same with the former because the lust of the earth overspends it self  howsoever some other of the ancient have commend warm winter snow lie long  cause a fruitful year for first they keep in the strength of the earth second  they water the earth better than rain for in snow the earth do as it be suck  the water as out of the teat three the moisture of snow be the fine moisture  for it be the froth of the cloudy water shower if they come a little before  the ripen of fruit do good to all Shoculent and moist fruit as vine olive  pomegranate yet it be rather for plenty than for goodness for the best wine be  in the dry vintage small shower be likewise good for corn so as parch heat  come not upon they general night shower be better than Day-Showers for that  the sun follow not so fast upon they and we see even in water by the hand it  be best in summer time to water in the evening the difference of earth and the  trial of they be worthy to be diligent inquire the earth that with shower do  easy soften be commend and yet some earth of that kind will be very dry and  hard before the shower the earth that cast up from the plough a great clod be  not so good as that which cast up a small clod the earth that put forth moss  easy and may be call mouldy be not good the earth that smell well upon the dig  or plough be commend as contain the juice of vegetable almost already prepare  it be think by some that the end of low rain bow fall more upon one kind of  earth than upon another as it may well be for that that earth be most  full of dew and therefore it be commend for a sign of good earth the poorness  of the herb it be plain show the poorness of the earth and especial if they be  in colour more dark but if the herb show wither or blast at the top it show  the earth to be very cold and so do the mossiness of tree the earth whereof  the grass be soon parch with the sun and toast be common force earth and  barren in his own nature the tender Chessoine and mellow earth be the best be  mere mould between the two extreme of clay and sand especial if it be not  loamy and bind the earth that after rain will scarce be plough be common  fruitful for it be clean and full of juice it be strange which be observe by  some of the ancient that Dust help the fruitfulness of tree and of vine by  name insomuch as they cat Dust upon they of purpose it shall seem that that  powder when a shower come make a kind of soil to the tree be earth and water  fine lie on and they note that country where the field and way be dusty bear  the best vine it be commend by the ancient for a excellent help to tree to lie  the stalk and leave of lupines about the root or to plough they into the  ground where you will sow corn the burn also of the cut of vine and cast they  upon land do much good and it be general receive of old that the dung of  ground when the west wind blow and in the decrease of the moon do great help  the earth as it seem be then more thirsty and open to receive the dung the  graft of vine upon vine as I take it be not now in use the ancient have it and  that three way the first be insition which be the ordinary manner of graft the  second be terebration through the middle of the stock and put in the tions  there and the three be pare of two vine that grow together to the marrow and  bind they close the disease and ill accident of corn be worthy to be inquire  and will be more worthy to be inquire if it be in man power to help they  whereas many of they be not to be remedy the mildew be one of the great which  out of question come by closeness of air and therefore in hill or large  champagne ground it seldom come such as be with we York Worad this can be  remedy otherwise than that in country of small enclosure the ground be turn  into large field which I have know to do good in some farm another disease be  the put forth of wild oat whereinto corn oftentimes especial barley do  degenerate it happen chief from the weakness of the grain that be sow for if  it be either too old or mouldy it will bring forth wild oat another disease be  the satiety of the ground for if you sow one ground still with the same corn I  mean not the same corn that grow upon the same ground but the same kind of  grain as wheat barley c it will prosper but poor therefore beside the rest of  the ground you must vary the seed another ill accident be from the wind which  hurt at two time at the flower by shake off the flower and at the full ripen  by shake out the corn another ill accident be drought at the spindle of the  corn which with we be rate but in hot country common insomuch as the word loss  be first derive from calamus when the corn can not get out of the stalk  another ill accident be Ouer-wet at sow time which with we breed much dearth  insomuch as the corn never come up and many time they be force to resow summer  corn where they sow winter corn another ill accident be bitter frost continue  without snow especial in the beginning of the winter after the seed be new sow  another disease be worm which sometime breed in the root and happen upon hot  sun and shower immediate after the sow and another worm breed in the ear it  self especial when hot sun break often out of cloud another disease be weed  and they be such as either choke and overshadow the corn and bear it down or  starve the corn and deceive it of nourishment another disease be over rankness  of the corn which they use to remedy by mow it after it be come up or put  sheep into it another ill accident be lie of corn with great reins near or in  harness another ill accident be if the seed happen to have touch oil or any  thing that be fat for those substance have a antipathy with nourishment of  water the remedy of the disease of corn have be observe as follow the steep of  the grain before sow a little time in wine be think a Presernatiue the mingle  of seed corn with ash be think to be good the sow at the wane of the moon be  think to make the corn sound it have not be practice but it be think to be of  use to make some miscellane in corn as if you sow a few bean with wheat your  wheat will be the better it have be observe that the sow of corn with  Honsleeke do good though grain that touch oil or fat receive hurt yet the  steep of it in the dregs of oil when it begin to putrify which they call  Amurca be think to assure it against worm it be report also that it corn be  mow it will make the grain long but empty and have more of the husk it have be  note that seed of a year old be the best and of two or three year be worse and  that which be more old be quite barren though no doubt some seed and grain  last better than other the corn which in the vanning lie low be the best and  the corn which break or bite retain a little yellowness be better than that  which be very white it have be observe that of all root of herb the root of  sorrel go the further into the earth insomuch as it have be know to go three  cubit deep and that it be the root that continue fit long to be set again of  any root that grow it be a cold and unpleasantly herb that as it seem love the  earth and be not much draw by the sun it have be observe that some herb like  best be water with salt water as radish be it rue pennyroyal this trial will  be extend to some other herb especial such as be strong as Tarragon mustard  seed rocket and the like it be strange that be general receive how some  poisonous beast affect odorate and wholesome herb as that the snake love  fennel that the toad will be much under sage that frog will be in cinque foil  it may be it be rather the shade or other coverture that they take like in  than the virtue of the herb it be a matter of great profit save that I doubt  it be too conjectural to venture upon if one can discern what corn herb or  fruit be like to be in plenty or scarcity by some sign and prognostic in the  beginning of the year for as for those that be like to be in plenty they may  be bargain for upon the ground as the old relation be of Thales who to show  how easy it be for a philosopher to be rich when he foresee a great plenty of  olive make a monopoly of they and for scarcity man may make profit in keep  better the old store long continuance of snow be believe to make a fruitful  year of corn a early winter or a very late winter a barren year of corn a open  and serene winter a ill year of fruit these we have partly touch before but  other Prognostickes of like nature be diligent to be inquire there seem to be  in some plant singularity wherein they differ from all other the olive have  the oily part only on the outside whereas all other fruit have it in the nut  or kernel the fir have in effect no stone nut nor Kernest except you will  count the little grain kernel the Pom granate and pine apple have only among  fruit grain distinct in several cell no herb have curl leave but cabbage and  cabbage lettuce none have double leave one belong to the stalk another to the  fruit or seed but the artichoke no flower have that kind of spread that the  woodbine have this may be a large field of contemplation for it show that in  the frame of nature there be in the produce of some species a composition of  matter which happen oft and may be much diversify in other such as happen rare  and admit little variety for so it be likewise in beast dog have a resemblance  with Wolnes and fox horse with ass Kine with bustes hare with cony c and so in  bird kite and Kastrells have a resemblance with hawk common dove with ring  Deas and Tortles black bird with thrush and Manisses crow with Bauens daw and  Choughas c but elephant and swine among beast and the bird of paradise and the  peacock among bird and some few other have sea any other species that have  affinity with they we leave the description of plant and their virtue to  herbal and other like book of natural history wherein man diligence have b  great even to curiosity for our experiment be only such as do ever ascend a  degree to the derive of cause and extract of axiom which we be not ignorant  but that some both of the ancient and modeme writer have also labAured but  their cause and axiom be so full of imagination and so infect with the old  receive theory as they be mere Inquinations of experience and concoct it not  it have be observe by some of the ancient that skin especial of be be new pull  off and apply to the wound of Stripts do keep they from swell and exulcerating  and likewise head they and close they up and that the white of egg do the same  the Cause be a temperate conglutination for both body be Glommy and viscous  and do bridle the Desuxe of humour to the Hu without pen they in too much you  may turn almost all flesh into a if you take flesh and cut it into piece and  put the piece into a glass cover with parchment and so let the glass stand six  or seven hour boil water it may be a experiment of profit for make of fat or  grease for many use but then it must be of such flesh as be not edible as  horse dog bear fox Bodgers c it be report by one of the ancient that new wine  put into vessel well stop and the vessel let down into the sea will accelerate  very much the make of they ripe and potable the same will be try in wort beast  be more hairy than man and savage man more than civil and the plumage of bird  exceed the pilosity of beast the Cause of the smoothness in man be not any  abundance of heat and moisture though that indeed cause pilosity but there be  requisite to pilosity not so much heat and moisture as excrementitious heat  and moisture for whatsoever assimilate go not into the hair and  excrementitious moisture abound most in beast and man that be more savage much  the same reason be there of the plumage of bird for bird assimilate less and  excern more than beast for their excrement be ever liquid and their flesh  general more dry beside they have not instrument for urine and so all the  excrementitious moisture go into the feather and therefore it be no marvel  though bird be common better meat than beast because their flesh do assimilate  more fine and secerns more subtle again the head of man have hair upon the  first birth which no other part of the body have the Cause may be want of  perspiration for much of the matter of hair in the other part of the body go  forth by insensible perspiration and beside the skull be of a more solid  substance nourish and assimilate less and excerns more and so likewise do the  chin we see also that hair come not upon the palm of the hand nor sole of the  foot which be part more perspirable and child likewise be not hairy for that  their skin be more perspirable bird be of swift motion than beast for the  flight of many bird be swift than the race of any beast the Cause be for that  the spirit in bird be in great proportion in comparison of the bulk of their  body than in beast for as for the reason that some give that they be partly  carry whereas beast go that be nothing for by that reason swim shall be swift  than run and that kind of carriage also be not without labour of the wing the  sea be clear when the north wind blow than when the south wind the Cause be  for that salt water have a little oiliness in the surface thereof as appear in  very hot day and again for that the southern wind relax the water somewhat as  no water boil be so clear as cold water fire burn wood make it first luminous  then black and brittle and last break and incinerate seal water do none of  these the Cause be for that by fire the spirit of the body be first refine and  then emit whereof the refine be attenuation cause the light and the emission  first the fragility and after the dissolution into ash neither do any other  body enter but in water the spirit of the body be not refine so much and  beside part of the water enter which do increase the spirit and in a degree  extinguish it therefore we see that hot water will quench fire and again we  see that in body wherein the water do not much enter but only the heat pass  hot water work the effect of fire as in egg boil and roast into which the  water enter not at all there be scarce difference to be discern but in fruit  and flesh whereinto the water enter in some part there be much more difference  the bottom of a vessel of boil water as have be observe be not very much heat  so as man may put their hand under the vessel and remove it the Cause be for  that the moisture of water as it quench coal where it enter so it do allay  heat where it touch and therefore note well that moisture although it do not  pass through body without communication of some substance as heat and cold do  yet it work manifest effect not by entrance of the body but by qualify of the  heat and cold as we see in this instance and we see likewise that the water of  thing distil in water which they call the bath differ not much from the water  of thing distil by fire we see also that pewter dish with water in they will  not melt easy but without it they will nay we see more that butter or oil  which in themselves be inflammable yet by virtue of their moisture will do the  like it have be note by the ancient that it be dangerous to pick one ear while  he yawn the Cause be for that in yawn the Inner parchment of the ear be extend  by the draw in of the spirit and breath for in yawn and sigh both the spirit  be first strong draw in and then strong expel it have be observe by the  ancient that sneeze do cease the hiccough the Cause be for that the motion of  the hiccough be a lift up of the stomach which sneeze do somewhat depress and  divert the motion another way for first we see that the hiccough come of  fullness of meat especial in child which cause a extension of the stomach we  see also it be cause by unpleasantly meat or drink which be by the prick of  the stomach and this motion be cease either by diversion or by detention of  the spirit diversion as in sneeze detention as we see hold of the breath do  help somewhat to cease the hiccough and put a man into a earnest study do the  like as be common use and vinegar put to the Nostbrills or Gargarized do it  also for that it be astringent and inhibit the motion of the spirit look  against the sun do induce sneeze the Cause be not the heat of the nostril for  then the hold up of the nostril against the sun though one wink will do it but  the draw down of the moisture of the brain for it will make the eye run with  water and the draw of moisture to the eye do draw it to the nostril by motion  of consent and so follow sneeze as contrariwise the tickle of the nostril  within do draw the moisture to the nostril and to the eye by consent for they  also will water but yet it have be observe that if one be about to sneeze the  rub of the eye till they run with water will prevent it where of the Cause be  for that the humour which be descend to the nostril be divert to the eye the  tooth be more by cold drink or the like affect than the other part the Cause  be double the one for that the resistance of bone to cold be great than of  flesh for that flesh shrink but the bone resist whereby the cold become more  eager the other be for that the tooth be part without blood whereas blood help  to qualify the cold and therefore we see that the sinew be much affect with  cold for that they be part without blood so the bone in sharp cold wax brittle  and therefore it have be see that all contusion of bone in hard weather be  more difficult to cure it have be note that the tongue receive more easy token  of disease than the other part as of heat within which appear most in the  blackness of the tongue again Pied cattle be spot in their tongue c the Cause  be no doubt the tenderness of the part which thereby receive more easy all  alteration than any other part of the flesh when the mouth be out of taste it  make thing taste sometime salt chief bitter and sometime loathsome but never  sweet the Cause be the corrupt of the moisture about the tongue which many  time turn bitter and salt and loathsome but sweet never for the rest be degree  of corruption it be observe in the great plague of the last year that there be  see in diverse ditch and low ground about London many toad that have tail two  or three inch long at the least whereas toad usual have no tail at all which  argue a great disposition to putrefaction in the soil and air it be report  likewise that root such as carrot and Parsuips be more sweet and luscious in  infectious year than in other year wife physician shall with all diligence  inquire what simples nature yield that have extreme subtle part without any  mordication or acrimony for they undermine that which be hard they open that  which be stop and shut and they expel that which be offensive gentle without  too much perturbation of this kind be elder flower which therefore be proper  for the stone of this kind be the DwarfePine which be proper for the jaundice  of this kind be heart horn which be proper for ague and infection of this kind  be piony which be proper for stop in the head of this kind be fumitory which  be proper for the sple and a number of other general diverse creature breed of  putrefaction though they be somewhat loathsome to take be of this kind as  earth worm timber sow snail c and I conceive that the Trechischs of viper  which be so much magnify and the flesh of snake some way condited and correct  which of late be grow into some credit be of the same nature so the part of  beast putrify as Castereum and musk which have extreme subtle part be to be  place among they we see also that Patrefactions of plant as Agarichs and lews  be of great virtue the Cause be for that Putrefection be the subtle of all  motion in the part of body and since we can take down the line of live  creature which some of the say if they can be take down will make we immortal  the next be for subtlety of operation to take body Putresied such as may be  safe take it have be observe by the ancient that much use of Venus do dim the  sight and yet eunuch which be unable to generate be nevertheless also dim  sight the Cause of dimness of sight in the former be the expense of spirit in  the latter the over moisture of the brain for the over moisture of the brain  do thicken the spirit visual and obstruct their passage as we see by the decay  in the sight in age where also the diminution of the spirit concur as another  Cause we see also that blindness come by rheum and now in there be all the  note of moisture as the swell of their thigh the looseness of their belly the  smoothness of their skin c the pleasure in the Act of Venus be the great of  the pleasure of the sense the match of it with itch be unproper though that  also be please to the touch but the conses be profound first all the organ of  the sense qualify the nation of the spirit and make so many several species of  motion and pleasure or displeasure thereupon as there be Dinersitics of organ  the instrument of sight hear taste and smell be of several frame and so be the  part for generation therefore Sealiger do well to make the pleasure of  generation a six sense and if there be any other differ organ and qualify  Perfraction for the spirit to pass there will be more than the five sense  neither do we well know whether some beast and bird have not sense that we  know not and the very some of dog be almost a sense it self second the  pleasure of the touch be great and deep than those of the other sense as we  see in warm upon cold or refrigeration upon heat for as the pain of the touch  be great than the offence of other sense so likewise be the pleasure it be  true that the affect of the spirit immediate and as it be without a organ be  of the great pleasure which be but in two thing sweet smell and wine and the  like sweet vapour for smell we see their great and sudden effect in fetch man  again when they swoon for drink it be certain that the pleasure of drunkenness  be next the pleasure of Venus and great joy likewise make the spirit move and  touch themselves and the pleasure of Venus be somewhat of the same kind it  have be always observe that man be more incline to Venus in the winter and  woman in the summer the Cause be for that the spirit in a body more hot and  dry as the spirit of man be by the summer be more exhale and dissipate and in  the winter more condense and keep entire but in body that be cold and moist as  woman be the summer do cherish the spirit and call they forth the winter do  dull they furthermore the abstinence or intermission of the use of Venus in  moist and well habituate body breed a number of disease and especial dangerous  impostumation the reason be evident for that it be a principal evacuation  especial of the spirit for of the spirit there be scarce any evacuation but in  Venus and exercise and therefore the omission of either of they breed all  disease of repletion the nature of vivification be very worthy the enquiry and  as the nature of thing be common better perceive in small than in great and in  unperfect than in perfect and in part than in whole so the nature of  vivification be best inquire in creature breed of putrefaction the  contemplation whereof have many excellent fruit first in disclose the original  of of vivification second in disclose the original of figuration three in  disclose many thing in the nature of perfect creature which in they lie more  hide and fourthly in traduce by way of operation some observation in the  insecta to work effect upon perfect creature note that the word insecta agree  not with the matter but we ever use it for brevity sake intend by it creature  breed of putrefaction the insecta be find to breed out of several matter some  breed of mud or dung as the earth worm eel snake c for they be both  putrefaction for water in mud do Puttifie as not able to preserve it self and  for dung all excrement be the refuse and putrefaction of nourishment some  breed in wood both grow and cut down quare in what wood most and at what  season we see that the worm with many foot which round themselves into ball be  breed chief under log of timber but not in the timber and they be say to be  find also many time in garden where no log be but it seem their generation  require a coverture both from sun and rain or due as the timber be and  therefore they be not venomous but contrariwise be hold by the physician to  clarify the blood it be observe also that cimices be find in the hold of  bedside some breed in the hair of live creature as louse and tikes which be  breed by the sweat close keep and somewhat be fie by the hair the excrement of  live creature do not only breed insecta when they be excern but also while  they be in the body as in worm whereto child be most subject and be chief in  the gut and it have be late observe by physician that in many pestilent  disease there be worm find in the upper part of the body where excrement be  not but only humour putrify flay breed principal of straw or mass where there  have be a little moisture or the Chamber and bedstraw keep close and not Aired  it be receive that they be kill by strew worm wood in the room and it be true  observe that bitter thing be apt rather to kill than engender putrefaction and  they be thing that be fat or sweet that be apt to putrify there be a worm that  breed in meal of the shape of a large white maggot which be give as a great  dainty to nightingale the moath breed upon Cloth and other Lanifices especial  if they be lie up dankish and wet it delight to be about the flame of a candle  there be a worm call a Wenill brad under ground and that feed upon root as  parsnip carrot c some breed in water especial shade but they must be stand  water as the water spider that have six leg the fly call the Oad-fly breed of  somewhat that swim upon the top of the water and be most about pond there be a  worm that breed of the dregs of wine decay which afterward as be observe by  some of the ancient turn into a gnat it have be observe by the ancient that  there be a worm that breed in old snow and be of colour Reddish and dull of  motion and die soon after it come out of snow which shall show that snow have  in it a secret warmth for else it can hardly Viuisie and the reason of the die  of the worm may be the sudden breathe out of that little spirit as soon as it  come out of the cold which have shut it in for as butterfly quicken with heat  which be benumb with cold so spirit may exhale with heat which be preserve in  cold it be affirm both by ancient and modern observation that in furnace of  copper and brass where chalcites which be vitriol be often cast in to mend the  work there rise sudden a fly which sometime move as if it take hold on the  wall of the furnace sometime be see move in the fire below and die present as  soon as it be out of the furnace which be a noble instance and worthy to be  weigh for it show that as well violent heat of fire as the gentle heat of live  creature will vivify if it have matter proportionable now the great axiom of  vivification be that there must be heat to dilate the spirit of the body a  active spirit to be dilate matter viscous or tenacious to hold in the spirit  and that matter to be put forth and figure now a spirit dilate by so ardent a  fire as that of the furnace as soon as ever it cool never so little congeal  present and no doubt this action be further by the chalcites which have a  spirit that will put forth and germinate as we see in chemical trial brief  most thing putrify bring forth insecta of several name but we will not take  upon we now to enumerate they all the insecta have be note by the ancient to  feed little but this have not be diligent observe for grasshopper eat up the  green of whole country and silk worm devour leave swift and ant make great  provision it be true that creature that sleep and rest much eat little as  dormouse and bat c they be all without blood which may be for that the juice  of their body be almost all one not blood and flesh and skin and bone as in  perfect creature the integral part have extreme variety but the similar part  little it be true that they have some of they a Disphragme and a intestine and  they have all skin which in most of the insecta be cast often they be not  general of long life yet be have be know to live seven year and snake be think  the rather for the cast of their spoil to live till they be old and eel which  many time breed of putrefaction will live and grow very long and those that  interchange from worm to fly in the summer and from fly to worm in the winter  have be keep in box our kyears at the least yet there be certain fly that be  call ephemera that live but a day the Cause be the exility of the spirit or  perhaps the absence of the sun for that if they be bring in or keep close they  may live long many of the insecta as butterfly and other fly revive easy when  they seem dead be bring to the sun or fire the Cause whereof be the diffusion  of the vital spirit and the easy dilate of it by a little heat they stir a  good while after their head be off or that they be cut in piece which be cause  also for that their vital spirit be more diffuse throughout all their part and  less confine to organ than in perfect creature the insecta have voluntary  motion and therefore imagination and whereas some of the ancient have say that  their motion be indeterminate and their imagination indefinite it be negligent  observe for be go right forward to their hill and be do admirable know the way  from a flowery heath two or three mile off to their hive it may be gnat and  fly have their imagination more mutable and giddy as small bird likewise have  it be say by some of the ancient that they have only the sense of feel which  be manifest true for if they go forthright to a place they must needs have  sight beside they delight more in one flower or herb than in another and  therefore have taste and be be call with sound upon brass and therefore they  have hear which show likewise that though their spirit be diffuse yet there be  a seat of their sense in their head other observation concern the insecta  together with the enumeration of they we refer to that place where we mean to  handle the Title of animal in general a man leap better with weight in his  hand than without the Cause be for that the weight if it be proportionable  strengthen the Sinneues by contract they for otherwise where no contraction be  needful weight hinder as we see in horse race man be curious to foresee that  there be not the least weight upon the one horse more than upon the other in  leap with weight the arm be first cast backward and then forward with so much  the great force for the hand go backward before they take their raise quaere  if the contrary motion of the spirit immediate before the motion we intend do  not cause the spirit as it be to break forth with more force as breath also  draw and keep in come forth more forcible and in cast of any thing the arm to  make a great swing be first cast backward of musical tone and unequal sound we  have speak before but touch the pleasure and displeasure of the sense not so  full Harsh sound as of a see when it be sharpen grind of one stone against  another squeak or scritching noise make a shiver or horror in the body and set  the tooth on edge the Cause be for that the object of the ear do affect the  spirit immediate most with pleasure and offence we see there be no colour that  affect the eye much with displeasure there be sight that be horrible because  they excite the memory of thing that be odious or fearful but the same thing  paint do little affect as for smell taste and touch they be thing that do  affect by a participation or impulsion of the body of the object so it be  sound alone that do immediate and incorporeally affect most this be most  manifest in music and concord and discord in music for all sound whether they  be sharp or flat if they be sweet have a roundness and equality and if they be  Harsh be unequal for a discord it self be but a harshness of diverse sound  meeting it be true that inequality not stay upon but pass be rather a increase  of sweetness as in the purl of a wreathe string and in the Rancity of a  trumpet and in the Nightinghale Pipe of a regal and in a discord straight fall  upon a concord but if you stay upon it it be offensive and therefore there be  these three degree of please and displease in sound sweet sound discord and  Harsh sound which we call by diverse name as scritching or grate such as we  now speak of as for the set of the tooth on edge we see plain what a  intercourse there be between the tooth and the organ of the hear by the take  of the end of a bow between the tooth and strike upon the string