xc again in the habit and regulation of school university and the like  assembly destine for the abide of learned man and the improvement of learning  everything be find to be oppose to the progress of the science for the lecture  and exercise be so order that anything out of the common tract can scarce  enter the think and contemplation of the mind if however one or two have  perhaps dare to use their liberty they can only impose the labour on  themselves without derive any advantage from the association of other and if  they put up with this they will find their industry and spirit of no slight  disadvantage to they in make their fortune for the pursuit of man in such  situation be as it be chain down to the write of particular author and if any  one dare to dissent from they he be immediate attack as a turbulent and  revolutionary spirit yet how great be the difference between civil matter and  the be for there be not the same danger from new activity and new light in  civil matter even a change for the better be suspect on account of the  commotion it occasion for civil government be support by authority unanimity  fame and public opinion and not by demonstration in the be and science on the  contrary every department shall resound as in i with new work and advance and  this be the rational though not the actual view of the case for that  administration and government of science we have speak of be wont too rigorous  to repress its growth xci and even shall the odium I have allude to be avoid  yet it be sufficient to repress the increase of science that such attempt and  industry pass unrewarded for the cultivation of science and its reward belong  not to the same individual the advancement of science be the work of a  powerful genius the prize and reward belong to the vulgar or to prince who  with a few exception be scarce moderate well inform nay such progress be not  only deprive of the reward and beneficence of individual but even of popular  praise for it be above the reach of the generality and easy overwhelm and  extinguish by the wind of common opinion it be not wonder therefore that  little success have attend that which have be little honour XCII but by far  the great obstacle to the advancement of the science and the undertake of any  new attempt or department be to be find in man despair and the idea of  impossibility for man of a prudent and exact turn of think be altogether  diffident in matter of this nature consider the obscurity of nature the  shortness of life the deception of the sense and weakness of the judgement  they think therefore that in the revolution of age and of the world there be  certain flood and ebb of the science and that they grow and flourish at one  time and wither and fall off at another that when they have attain a certain  degree and condition they can proceed no further if therefore any one believe  or promise great thing they impute it to a uncurbed and immature mind and  imagine that such effort begin pleasant then become laborious and end in  confusion and since such think easy enter the mind of man of dignity and  excellent judgement we must real take heed lest we shall be captivate by our  affection for a excellent and most beautiful object and relax or diminish the  severity of our judgement and we must diligent examine what gleam of hope  shine upon we and in what direction it manifest itself so that banish her  light dream we may discuss and weigh whatever appear of more sound importance  we must consult the prudence of ordinary life too which be diffident upon  principle and in all human matter augur the worst let we then speak of hope  especial as we be not vain promiser nor be Willing to enforce or ensnare man  judgement but will rather lead they Willing forward and although we shall  employ the most cogent mean of enforce hope when we bring they to particular  and especial those which be digest and arrange in our table of invention the  subject partly of the second but principal of the four part of the  instauration which be indeed rather the very object of our hope than hope  itself yet to proceed more lenient we must treat of the preparation of man  mind of which the manifestation of hope from no slight part for without it all  that we have say tend rather to produce a gloom than to encourage activity or  quicken the industry of experiment by cause they to have a worse and more  contemptuous opinion of thing as they be than they now entertain and to  perceive and feel more through their unfortunate condition we must therefore  disclose and prefix our reason for not think the hope of success improbable as  Columbus before his wonder voyage over the Atlantic give the reason of his  conviction that new land and continent may be discover beside those already  know and these reason though at first reject be yet prove by subsequent  experience and be the cause and beginning of the great event XCIII let we  begin from God and show that our pursuit from its exceed goodness clear  proceed from he the author of good and father of light now in all divine work  the small beginning lead assure to some result and the remark in spiritual  matter that the kingdom of God come without observation be also find to be  true in every great work of divine providence so that everything glide quiet  on without confusion or noise and the matter be achieve before man either  think or perceive that it be commence nor shall we neglect to mention the  prophecy of Daniel of the last day of the world many shall run to and from and  knowledge shall be increase thus plain hint and suggest that fate which be  providence will cause the complete circuit of the globe now accomplish or at  least go forward by mean of so many distant voyage and the increase of  learning to happen at the same epoch XCIV we will next give a most potent  reason for hope deduce from the error of the pass and the way still  unattempted for well be a ill-governed state thus reprove that which be worst  with regard to the pass shall appear most consolatory for the future for if  you have do all that your duty command and your affair proceed no better you  can not even hope for their improvement but since their present unhappy  situation be not owe to the force of circumstance but to your own error you  have reason to hope that by banish or correct the latter you can produce a  great change for the better in the former so if man have during the many year  that have elapse adhere to the right way of discover and cultivate the science  without be able to advance it will be assure bold and presumptuous to imagine  it possible to improve but if they have mistake the way and waste their labour  on improper object it follow that the difficulty do not arise from thing  themselves which be not in our power but from the human understanding its  practice and application which be susceptible of remedy and correction our  best plan therefore be to expose these error for in proportion as they impede  the pass so do they afford reason to hope for the future and although we have  touch upon they above yet we think it right to give a brief bear and simple  enumeration of they in this place XCV those who have treat of the science have  be either empiric or dogmatical the former like ant only heap up and use their  store the latter like spider spin out their own web the be a mean between both  extract matter from the flower of the garden and the field but work and  fashion it by its own effort the true labour of philosophy resemble she for it  neither rely entire or principal on the power of the mind nor yet lie up in  the memory the matter afford by the experiment of natural history and mechanic  in its raw state but change and work it in the understanding we have good  reason therefore to derive hope from a close and pure alliance of these  faculty the experimental and rational than have yet be attempt XCVI natural  philosophy be not yet to be find unadulterated but be impure and corrupt by  logic in the school of Aristotle by natural theology in that of Plato by  mathematics in the second school of Plato that of Proclus and other which  ought rather to terminate natural philosophy than to generate or create it we  may therefore hope for better result from pure and unmix natural philosophy  XCVII no one have yet be find possess of sufficient firmness and severity to  resolve upon and undertake the task of entire abolish common theory and notion  and apply the mind afresh when thus clear and level to particular research  hence our human reason be a mere farrago and crude mass make up of a great  deal of credulity and accident and the puerile notion it original contract but  if a man of mature age unprejudiced sense and clear mind will betake himself  anew to experience and particular we may hope much more from such a one in  which respect we promise ourselves the fortune of Alexander the great and let  none accuse we of vanity till they have hear the tale which be intend to check  vanity for Aeschines speak thus of Alexander and his exploit we live not the  life of mortal but be bear at such a period that posterity will relate and  declare our prodigy as if he consider the exploit of Alexander to be  miraculous but in succeed age Livy take a better view of the fact and have  make some such observation as this upon Alexander that he do no more than dare  to despise insignificance so in our opinion posterity will judge of we that we  have achieve no great matter but only set less account upon what be consider  important for the meantime as we have before observe our only hope be in the  regeneration of the science by regular raise they on the foundation of  experience and building they anew which I think none can venture to affirm to  have be already do or even think of XCVIII the foundation of experience our  sole resource have hitherto fail complete or have be very weak nor have a  store and collection of particular fact capable of inform the mind or in any  way satisfactory be either seek after or amass on the contrary learned but  idle and indolent man have receive some mere report of experience tradition as  it be of dream as establish or confirm their philosophy and have not hesitate  to allow they the weight of legitimate evidence so that a system have be  pursue in philosophy with regard to experience resemble that of a kingdom or  state which will direct its council and affair accord to the gossip of city  and street politician instead of the letter and report of ambassador and  messenger worthy of credit nothing be right inquire into or verify note weigh  or measure in natural history indefinite and vague observation produce  fallacious and uncertain information if this appear strange or our complaint  somewhat too unjust because Aristotle himself so distinguish a man and support  by the wealth of so great a king have complete a accurate history of animal to  which other with great diligence but less noise have make considerable  addition and other again have compose copious history and notice of plant  metal and fossil it will arise from a want of sufficient attend to and  comprehend our present observation for a natural history compile on its own  account and one collect for the mind information as a foundation for  philosophy be two different thing they differ in several respect but principal  in this the former contain only the variety of natural species without the  experiment of mechanical be for as in ordinary life every person disposition  and the conceal feel of the mind and passion be most draw out when they be  disturb so the secret of nature betray themselves more ready when torment by  be than when leave to their own course we must begin therefore to entertain  hope of natural philosophy then only when we have a better compilation of  natural history its real basis and support XCIX again even in the abundance of  mechanical experiment there be a very great scarcity of those which best  inform and assist the understanding for the mechanic little solicitous about  the investigation of truth neither direct his attention nor apply his hand to  anything that be not of service to his business but our hope of further  progress in the science will then only be well find when numerous experiment  shall be receive and collect into natural history which though of no use in  themselves assist material in the discovery of cause and axiom which  experiment we have term enlighten to distinguish they from those which be  profitable they possess this wonder property and nature that they never  deceive or fail you for be use only to discover the natural cause of some  object whatever be the result they equal satisfy your aim by decide the  question c we must not only search for and procure a great number of  experiment but also introduce a complete different method order and progress  of continue and promote experience for vague and arbitrary experience be as we  have observe mere grope in the dark and rather astonish than instruct but when  experience shall proceed regular and uninterrupted by a determine rule we may  entertain better hope of the science CI but after have collect and prepare a  abundance and store of natural history and of the experience require for the  operation of the understanding or philosophy still the understanding be as  incapable of act on such material of itself with the aid of memory alone as  any person will be of retain and achieve by memory the computation of a  almanac yet meditation have hitherto do more for discovery than write and no  experiment have be commit to paper we can however approve of any mode of  discovery without write and when that come into more general use we may have  further hope chiccory beside this there be such a multitude and host as it be  of particular object and lie so wide disperse as to distract and confuse the  understanding and we can therefore hope for no advantage from its skirmish and  quick movement and incursion unless we put its force in due order and array by  mean of proper and well arrange and as it be live table of discovery of these  matter which be the subject of investigation and the mind then apply itself to  the ready prepare and digest aid which such table afford CIII when we have  thus proper and regular place before the eye a collection of particular we  must not immediate proceed to the investigation and discovery of new  particular or effect or at least if we do so must not rest satisfy therewith  for though we do not deny that by transfer the experiment from one be to  another when all the experiment of each have be collect and arrange and have  be acquire by the knowledge and subject to the judgement of a single  individual many new experiment may be discover tend to benefit society and  mankind by what we term literate experience yet comparative insignificant  result be to be expect thence while the more important be to be derive from  the new light of axiom deduce by certain method and rule from the above  particular and point out and define new particular in their turn our road be  not a long plain but rise and fall ascend to axiom and descend to effect  fellow citizen nor can we suffer the understanding to jump and fly from  particular to remote and most general axiom such as be term the principle of  be and thing and thus prove and make out their intermediate axiom accord to  the suppose unshake truth of the former this however have always be do to the  present time from the natural bend of the understanding educate too and  accustom to this very method by the syllogistic mode of demonstration but we  can then only augur well for the science when the assent shall proceed by a  true scale and successive step without interruption or breach from particular  to the lesser axiom thence to the intermediate rise one above the other and  last to the most general for the low axiom differ but little from bear  experiment the high and most general as they be esteem at present be notional  abstract and of no real weight the intermediate be true solid full of life and  upon they depend the business and fortune of mankind beyond these be the real  general but not abstract axiom which be true limit by the intermediate we must  not then add wing but rather lead and ballast to the understanding to prevent  its jump or fly which have not yet be do but whenever this take place we may  entertain great hope of the science CV in from axiom we must invent a  different from of induction from that hitherto in use not only for the proof  and discovery of principle as they be call but also of minor intermediate and  in short every kind of axiom the induction which proceed by simple enumeration  be puerile lead to uncertain conclusion and be expose to danger from one  contradictory instance decide general from too small a number of fact and  those only the most obvious but a real useful induction for the discovery and  demonstration of the be and science shall separate nature by proper rejection  and exclusion and then conclude for the affirmative after collect a sufficient  number of negative now this have not be do nor even attempt except perhaps by  Plato who certain use this from of induction in some measure to sift  definition and idea but much of what have never yet enter the think of man  must necessary be employ in order to exhibit a good and legitimate mode of  induction or demonstration so as even to render it essential for we to bestow  more pain upon it than have hitherto be bestow on syllogism the assistance of  induction be to serve we not only in the discovery of axiom but also in define  our notion much indeed be to be hope from such a induction as have be describe  CVI in from our axiom from induction we must examine and try whether the axiom  we derive be only fit and calculate for the particular instance from which it  be deduce or whether it be more extensive and general if it be the latter we  must observe whether it confirm its own extent and generality by give surety  as it be in point out new particular so that we may neither stop at actual  discovery nor with a careless grasp catch at shadow and abstract from instead  of substance of a determinate nature and as soon as we act thus well authorize  hope may with reason be say to beam upon we CVII here too we may again repeat  what we have say above concern the extend of natural philosophy and reduce  particular science to that one so as to prevent any schism or dismember of the  science without which we can hope to advance CVIII such be the observation we  will make in order to remove despair and excite hope by bid farewell to the  error of pass age or by their correction let we examine whether there be other  ground for hope and first if many useful discovery have occur to mankind by  chance or opportunity without investigation or attention on their part it must  necessary be acknowledge that much more may be bring to light by investigation  and attention if it be regular and orderly not hasty and interrupt for  although it may now and then happen that one fall by chance upon something  that have before escape considerable effort and laborious inquiry yet  undoubted the reverse be general the case we may therefore hope for further  better and more frequent result from man reason industry method and  application than from chance and mere animal instinct and the like which have  hitherto be the source of invention CIX we may also derive some reason for  hope from the circumstance of several actual invention be of such a nature  that scarce any one can have from a conjecture about they previous to their  discovery but will rather have ridicule they as impossible for man be wont to  guess about new subject from those they be already acquaint with and the hasty  and vitiate fancy they have thence from than which there can be a more  fallacious mode of reason because much of that which be derive from the source  of thing do not flow in their usual channel if for instance before the  discovery of cannon one have describe its effect in the follow manner there be  a new invention by which wall and the great bulwark can be shake and overthrow  from a considerable distance man will have begin to contrive various mean of  multiply the force of projectile and machine by mean of weight and wheel and  other mode of batter and project but it be improbable that any imagination or  fancy will have hit upon a fiery blast expand and develop itself so sudden and  violent because none will have see a instance at all resemble it except  perhaps in earthquake or thunder which they will have immediate reject as the  great operation of nature not to be imitate by man so if before the discovery  of silk thread any one have observe that a species of thread have be discover  fit for dress and furniture far surpass the thread of worsted or flax in  fineness and at the same time in tenacity beauty and softness man will have  begin to imagine something about Chinese plant or the fine hair of some animal  or the feather or down of bird but certain will never have have a idea of its  be spin by a small worm in so copious a manner and renew annual but if any one  have venture to suggest the silkworm he will have be laugh at as if dream of  some new manufacture from spider so again if before the discovery of the  compass any one have say that a instrument have be invent by which the quarter  and point of the heaven can be exact take and distinguish man will have enter  into disquisition on the refinement of astronomical instrument and the like  from the excitement of their imagination but the think of anything be discover  which not be a celestial body but a mere mineral or metallic substance shall  yet in its motion agree with that of such body will have appear absolute  incredible yet be these fact and the like unknown for so many age not discover  at last either by philosophy or reason but by chance and opportunity and as we  have observe they be of a nature most heterogeneous and remote from what be  hitherto know so that no previous knowledge can lead to they we may therefore  well hope that many excellent and useful matter be yet treasure up in the  bosom of nature bear no relation or analogy to our actual discovery but out of  the common tract of our imagination and still undiscovered and which will  doubtless be bring to light in the course and lapse of year as the other have  be before they but in the way we now point out they may rapid and at once be  both represent and anticipate cx there be moreover some invention which render  it probable that man may pass and hurry over the most noble discovery which  lie immediate before they for however the discovery of gunpowder silk the  compass sugar paper or the like may appear to depend on peculiar property of  thing and nature print at least involve no contrivance which be not clear and  almost obvious but from want of observe that although the arrangement of the  type of letter require more trouble than write with the hand yet these type  once arrange serve for innumerable impression while manuscript only afford one  copy and again from want of observe that ink may be thicken so as to stain  without run which be necessary see the letter face upward and the impression  be make from above this most beautiful invention which assist so material the  propagation of learning remain unknown for so many age the human mind be often  so awkward and ill-regulated in the career of invention that it be at first  diffident and then despise itself for it appear at first incredible that any  such discovery shall be make and when it have be make it appear incredible  that it shall so long have escape man research all which afford good reason  for the hope that a vast mass of invention yet remain which may be deduce not  only from the investigation of new mode of operation but also from transfer  compare and apply these already know by the method of what we have term  literate experience CXI nor shall we omit another ground of hope let man only  consider if they will their infinite expenditure of talon time and fortune in  matter and study of far inferior importance and valve a small portion of which  apply to sound and solid learning will be sufficient to overcome every  difficulty and we have think right to add this observation because we candid  own that such a collection of natural and experimental history as we have  trace in our own mind and as be real necessary be a great and as it be royal  work require much labour and expense CXII in the meantime let no one be alarm  at the multitude of particular but rather incline to hope on that very account  for the particular phenomenon of the be and nature be in reality but as a  handful when compare with the fiction of the imagination remove and separate  from the evidence of fact the termination of our method be clear and I have  almost say near at hand the other admit of no termination but only of infinite  confusion for man have hitherto dwell but little or rather only slight touch  upon experience while they have waste much time on theory and the fiction of  the imagination if we have but any one who can actual answer our interrogation  of nature the invention of all cause and science will be the labour of but a  few year CXIII we think some ground of hope be afford by our own example which  be not mention for the sake of boast but as a useful remark let those who  distrust their own power observe myself one who have among my contemporary be  the most engage in public business who be not very strong in health which  cause a great loss of time and be the first explorer of this course follow the  guidance of none nor even communicate my think to a single individual yet have  once firm enter in the right way and submit the power of my mind to thing I  have somewhat advance as I make bold to think the matter I now treat of then  let other consider what may be hope from man who enjoy abundant leisure from  unite labour and the succession of age after these suggestion on our part  especial in a course which be not confine like theory to individual but admit  of the best distribution and union of labour and effect particular in collect  experiment for man will then only begin to know their own power when each  perform a separate part instead of undertake in crowd the same work CXIV last  though a much more faint and uncertain breeze of hope be to spring up from our  new continent yet we consider it necessary to make the experiment if we will  not show a dastard spirit for the risk attend want of success be not to be  compare with that of neglect the attempt the former be attend with the loss of  a little human labour the latter with that of a immense benefit for these and  other reason it appear to we that there be abundant ground to hope and to  induce not only those who be sanguine to make experiment but even those who be  cautious and sober to give their assent CXV such be the ground for banish  despair hitherto one of the most powerful cause of the delay and restraint to  which the science have be subject in treat of which we have at the same time  discuss the sign and cause of the error idleness and ignorance that have  prevail see especial that the more refine cause which be not open to popular  judgement and observation may be refer to our remark on the idol of the human  mind here too we shall close the demolish branch of our instauration which be  comprise in three confutation the confutation of natural human reason leave to  itself the confutation of demonstration the confutation of theory or receive  system of philosophy and doctrine our confutation have follow such a course as  be open to it namely the expose of the sign of error and the produce evidence  of the cause of it for we can adopt no other differ as we do both in first  principle and demonstration from other it be time for we therefore to come to  the be itself and the rule for the interpretation of nature there be however  still something which must not be pass over for the intent of this first book  of aphorism be to prepare the mind for understanding as well as admit what  follow we must now after have cleanse polish and level its surface place it in  a good position and as it be a benevolent aspect towards our proposition see  that prejudice in new matter may be produce not only by the strength of  preconceive notion but also by a false anticipation or expectation of the  matter propose we shall therefore endeavour to induce good and correct opinion  of what we offer although this be only necessary for the moment and as it be  lie out at interest until the matter itself be well understand CXVI first then  we must desire man not to suppose that we be ambitious of sound any  philosophical sect like the ancient Greek or some modern as Telesius  of fatherly dignity and severinus for neither be this our intention nor do we  think that peculiar abstract opinion on nature and the principle of thing be  of much importance to man fortune since it be easy to revive many ancient  theory and to introduce many new one as for instance many hypothesis with  regard to the heaven can be from differ in themselves and yet sufficient  accord with the phenomenon we bestow not our labour on such theoretical and at  the same time useless topic on the contrary our determination be that of try  whether we can lie a firm foundation and extend to a great distance the  boundary of human power and dignity and although here and there upon some  particular point we hold in our own opinion more true and certain and I may  even say more advantageous tenet than those in general repute which we have  collect in the five part of our instauration yet we offer no universal or  complete theory the time do not yet appear to we to be arrive and we entertain  no hope of our life be prolong to the completion of the six part of the  instauration which be destine for philosophy discover by the interpretation of  nature but be content if we proceed quiet and useful in our intermediate  pursuit scatter in the meantime the seed of less adulterate truth for  posterity and at least commence the great work CXVII and as we pretend not to  find a sect so do we neither offer nor promise particular effect which may  occasion some to object to we that since we so often speak of effect and  consider everything in its relation to that end we ought also to give some  earnest of produce they our course and method however as we have often say and  again repeat be such as not to deduce effect from effect nor experiment from  experiment as the empiric do but in our capacity of legitimate interpreter of  nature to deduce cause and axiom from effect and experiment and new effect and  experiment from those cause and axiom and although any one of moderate  intelligence and ability will observe the indication and sketch of many noble  effect in our table of invention which from the four part of the instauration  and also in the example of particular instance cite in the second part as well  as in our observation on history which be the subject of the three part yet we  candid confess that our present natural history whether compile from book or  our own inquiry be not sufficient copious and well ascertain to satisfy or  even assist a proper interpretation if therefore there be any one who be more  dispose and prepare for mechanical be and ingenious in discover effect than in  the mere management of experiment we allow he to employ his industry in gather  many of the fruit of our history and table in this way and apply they to  effect receive they as interest till he can obtain the principal for our own  part have a great object in view we condemn all hasty and premature rest in  such pursuit as we will Atalanta apple to use a common allusion of we for we  be not childish ambitious of golden fruit but use all our effort to make the  course of be outstrip nature and we hasten not to reap moss or the green blade  but wait for a ripe harvest