extraordinary wind and sudden blast to the ten article connexion some man  discourse of extraordinary wind and derive the cause of they of cloud break or  storm vortice a typhoon Prestere or in English whirl wind but they do not  relate the thing it self which must be take out of chronicle and several  history sudden blast never come in clear weather but always when the sky be  cloudy and the weather rainy that it may just be think that there be a certain  eruption make the blast drive out and the water shake storm which come with a  mistress and a fog and be call beast and bear up themselves like a column be  very vehement and dreadful to those who be at sea the great violent whirlwind  who will take up at some large distance and sup they as it be upward do happen  but seldom but small whirl wind come often all storm and violent whirlwind and  great whirlwind have a manifest precipitous motion or dart downward more than  other wind so as they seem to fall like torrent and run as it be in channel  and be afterward reverberate by the earth in meadow haycock be sometime carry  on high and spread abroad there like canopy likewise in field cock of pea reap  wheat and clothes lie out to dry be carry up by whirl wind as high as top of  tree and house and these thing be do without any extraordinary force or great  vehemency of wind also sometime there be very small whirl wind and within a  narrow compass which happen also in fair clear weather so that one that ride  may see the dust or straw take up and turn close by he yet he himself not feel  the wind much which thing be do questionless near unto we by contrary blast  drive one another back and cause a circulation of the air by concussion it be  certain that some wind do leave manifest sign of burn and scorch in plant but  Presterem which be a kind of dark lightning and hot air without any flame we  will put off to the inquisition of lightning help to wind namely to original  wind for of accidental one we have inquire before to the article connexion  those thing which have be speak by the ancient concern wind and their cause be  mere confuse and uncertain and for the most part true and it be no marvel if  they see not clear that look not near they speak as if wind be somewhat else  or a thing several from move air and as if exhalation do generate and make up  the whole body of the wind and as if the matter of wind be only a dry and hot  exhalation and as if the beginning of the motion of wind be but only a cast  down and percussion by the cold of the middle region all fantastical and  arbitrary opinion yet out of such thread they weave long piece namely cobweb  but all impulsion of the air be wind and exhalation mix with the air  contribute more to the motion than to the matter and moist vapour by a  proportionate heat be easy dissolve into wind than dry exhalation and many  wind be engender in the low region of the air and breath out of the earth  beside those which be throw down and Beatrice back the natural wheel of the  air as we say in the article of general wind without any other external cause  bring forth wind preceptible within the tropics where the conversion be  ingreater circle next to the natural motion of the air before we inquire of  the sun who be the chief begetter of wind let we see whether any thing ought  to be attribute to the moon and other after by clear experience there arise  many great and strong wind some hour before the eclipse of the moon so that if  the moon be eclipse in the middle of the night the wind blow the precedent  evening if the moon be eclipse towards the morning then the wind blow in the  middle of the precedent night in Peru which be a very windy country acosta  observe that wind blow most when the moon be at the full injunction it be  certain a thing worthy to be observe what power the age and motion of the moon  have upon the wind see they have some power over the water as for example  whether the wind be not in a great commotion in full and new moon than in her  first and last quarter as we find it to be in the flow of water for though  some do convenient feign the command of the moon to be over the water as the  sun and planet over the air yet it be certain that the water and the air be  very homogeneal body and that the moon next to the sun have most power over  all thing here below it have be observe by man that about the conjunction of  planet great wind do blow at the rise of Oriyon there rise common diverse wind  and storm but we must advice whether this be not because Oriyon rise in such a  season of the year as be most effectual for the generation of wind so that it  be rather a concomitant than cause thing which may also very well be question  concern rain at the rise of the Hyades and the Pleiades and concern storm at  the rise of Arcturus and so much concern the moon and star the sun be  questionless the primary efficient of many wind work by its heat on a twofold  matter namely the body of the air and likewise vapour and exhalation when the  sun be most powerful dilatates and extend the air though it be pure and  without any commixion one three part which be no small matter so that by mere  dilatation there must needs arise some small wind in the sun way and that  rather two or three hour after its rise than at his first rise in Europe the  night be hot in Peru three hour in the morning and all for one cause namely by  reason of wind and gale cease and lie still at those hour in a woad calendar  dilatated or extend air Beatrice down the water as it be with a breath but in  a woad Pileato which be fill only with air the dilatated air swell the bladder  as a manifest and apparent wind we have make trial of such a kind of wind in a  round tower every way close up for we have place a hearth or fire place in the  amid of it lie a fire of charcoal through kindle upon it that there may be the  less smoke and on the side of the hearth at a small distance have be a thread  hang up with a cross of feather to the end that it may easy be move so after a  little stay the heat increase and the air dilatating the thread and the  feather cross which hang upon it wave up and down in a various motion and have  make a hold in the window of the tower there come out a hot breath which be  not continual but with intermission and wave also the reception of air by cold  after dilatation beget such a wind but weak by reason of the lesser force of  cold so that in Peru under every little shadow we find not only more coolness  than here with we by antiperistasis but a manifest kind of gale through the  reception of air when it come into the shade and so much concern wind occasion  by mere dilatation or reception of air wind proceed from the mere motion of  the air without any commixion of vapour be but gentle and soft let we see what  may be say concern Vaporary wind we mean such as be engender by vapour which  may be so much more vehement than the other as a dilatation of a drop of water  turn into air exceed any dilatation of air already make which it do by many  degree as we show before the efficient cause of vapourary wind which be they  that common blow be the sun and its proportionate heat the matter be vapour  and exhalation which be turn and resolve into air I say air and not any thing  but air yet at the first not very pure a small heat of the sun do not raise  vapour and consequent cause no wind a mean or middle heat of the sun raise and  excite vapour but do not present dissipate they therefore if there be any  great store of they they gather together into rain either simple of it self or  join with wind if there be but small store of they they turn only to wind the  sun heat in its increase incline more to the generation of wind in its  decrease of rain the great and continue heat of the sun attenuate and disperse  vapour and sublime they and withal equal mix and incorporate they with the air  whereby the air become calm and serene the more equal and continuate heat of  the sun be less apt for the generation of wind that which be more unequal and  intermit be more apt wherefore in sail into Russia they be less trouble with  wind than in the british sea because of the length of the day but in Peru  under the equinoctial be frequent wind by reason of the great inequality of  heat take turn night and day in vapour be to be consider both the quantity and  quality a small quantity engender weak wind a mean or middle store strong  great store engender rain either calm or accompany with wind vapour out of the  sea and river and over fly Marishes engender far great quantity of wind than  the exhalation of the earth but those wind which be engender on the land and  dry place be more obstinate and last long and be for the most part such as be  cast down from above so that the opinion of the ancient in this be not  altogether unprofitable but only that it please they as in a manner divide the  inheritance to assign rain to vapour and to wind exhalation only which thing  sound handsome but be vain in effect and substance wind bring forth out of the  resolution of snow lie upon hill be of a mean condition between water and land  wind but they incline more to water yet they be more sharp and movable the  dissolution of snow on snowy hill as we observe before always bring constant  wind from that part also yearly Northern wind about the rise of the dogstar be  hold to come from the freeze ocean and those part about the arctic circle  where the dissolution of snow and ice come late when the summer be far spend  those mass or mountain of ice which be carry towards Canada and Greenland do  rather breed cold gale than movable wind wind which arise from chalky and  sandy ground be few and dry and in hot country they be sultry smoky and scorch  wind make of sea vapour do easy turn back into rain the water redemand and  claim its right and if this be not grant they they present mix with air and so  be quiet but terrestrial smoky and unctuous vapour be both hardlier dissolve  and ascend high and be more provoke in their motion and oftentimes penetrate  the middle region of the air and some of they be matter of fiery meteor it be  report here in England that in those day that gascoine be under our  jurisdiction there be a petition offer to the king by his subject of bordeaux  and the confine thereof desire he to forbid the burn of heath in the county of  Sussex and Southampton which breed a wind towards the end of April which kill  their vine the meeting of wind if they be strong bring forth vehement and  whirl wind if they be soft and moist they produce rain and lie the wind wind  be allay and restrain five way when the air over burden and trouble be free by  the vapour contract themselves into rain or when vapour be disperse and  subtilise whereby they be mix with the air and agree fair with it and they  live quiet or when vapour or fog be exalt and carry upon high so that they  cause no disturbance until they be throw down from the middle region of the  air or do penetrate it or when vapour gather into cloud be carry away into  other country by other wind blow on high so that for they there be peace in  those country which they fly beyond or last when the wind blow from their  nursery languish through a long voyage find no new matter to feed on and so  their vehemency forsake they and they do as it be expire and die rain for the  most part allay wind especial those which be stormy as wind contrariwise  oftentimes keep off rain wind do contract themselves into rain which be the  first of the five and the chief mean of allay they either be burden by the  burden it self when the vapour be copious or by the contrary motion of wind so  they be calm and mild or by the opposition of mountain and promontory which  stop the violence of the wind and by little and little turn they against  themselves or by extreme cold whereby they be condense and thicken small and  light wind do common rise in the morning and go down with the sun the  condensation of the night air be sufficient to receive they for air will  endure some kind of compression without stir or tumult it be think that the  sound of bell will disperse lightning and Thunder in wind it have not be  observe monition take advice from the place in prognostic of wind for there be  some connexion of cause and sign Pliny relate that the vehemence of a whirl  wind may be allay by sprinkle of vinegar in the encounter of it the bind of  wind to the article it be report of mount Athos likewise of Olympus that the  priest will write in the ash of the sacrifice which lie upon the altar build  on the top of those hill and when they return the year follow for the offer be  annual they find the same letter undisturbed and cancel though those altar  stand not in any temple but in the open air whereby it be manifest that in  such a height there have neither fall rain nor wind blow they say that on the  top of the peak of teneriff and on the to venture betwixt Peru and Chile snow  lie upon the border and side of the hill but that on the top of they there be  nothing but a quiet and still air hardly breathable by reason of its tenuity  which also with a kind of acrimony prick the eye and orifice of the stomach  beget in some a desire to vomit and in other a flush and redness Vaporary wind  seem not in any great height though it be probable that some of they ascend  high than most cloud hitherto of the height now we must consider of the  latitude it be certain that those space which wind take up be very various  sometime they be very large sometime little and narrow wind have be know to  have take up a hundred mile space with a few hour difference spacious wind if  they be of the free kind be for the most part vehement and not soft and more  last for they will last almost four and twenty hour they be likewise not so  much incline to rain straight or narrow wind contrariwise be either soft or  stormy and always short fix and stay wind be itinerary or travel and take up  very large space stormy wind do not extend themselves into any large space  though they always go beyond the bind of the storm it self sea wind always  blow within narrow space than earth wind as may sometime be see at sea namely  a pretty fresh gale in some part of the water which may be easy perceive by  the crisp of it when there be a calm as smooth as glass every where else small  whirlwind as we say before will sometime play before man as they be ride  almost like wind out of a pair of bellows so much of the latitude now we must  see concern the lastingness the vehement wind will last long at sea by reason  of the sufficient quantity of vapour at land they will hardly last above a day  and a half very soft wind will not blow constant neither at sea nor upon the  land above three day the south wind be not only more last than the west which  we set down in another place but likewise what wind soever it be that begin to  blow in the morning use to be more durable and last than that which begin to  blow at night it be certain that wind do rise and increase by degree unless  they be mere storm but they allay soon sometime as it be in a instant  succession of wind to the article if the wind do change accord to the motion  of the sun that be from east to south from south to west from west to north  from the north to the east it do not return often or if it do it do it but for  a short time but if it go contrary to the motion of the sun that be from the  east to the north from the north to the west from the west to the south and  from the south to the east for the most part it be restore to its first  quarter at least before it have go round its whole compass and circuit if rain  begin first and the wind begin to blow afterward that wind will outlast the  rain but if the wind blow first and then be allay by the rain the wind for the  most part will not rise again and if it do there ensue a new rain if wind do  blow various for a few hour and as it be to make a trial and afterward begin  to blow constant that wind shall continue for many day if the south wind begin  to blow two or three day sometime the north wind will blow present after it  but if the north wind blow as many day the south wind will not blow until the  wind have blow a little from the east when the year be decline and winter  begin after autumn be pass if the southwind blow in the beginning of winter  and after it come the north wind it will be a frosty winter but if the north  wind blow in the beginning of winter and the south wind come after it will be  a mild and warm winter Pliny quote Eudoxus to show that the order of wind  return after every four year which seem not to be true for revolution be not  so quick this indeed have be by some man diligence observe that great and most  notable season for heat snow frost warm winter and old summer for the most  part return after the revolution of five and thirty year the motion of the  wind to the article connexion man talk as if the wind be some body of it self  and by its own force do drive and agitate the air also when the wind change  its place they talk as if it do transport it self into another place this be  the vulgar opinion yet the philosopher themselves apply no remedy thereunto  but they likewise stammer at it and do not any way contradict and oppose these  error we must therefore inquire concern the raise of the motion of the wind  and of the direction of it have already inquire of the local beginning and of  those wind which have their beginning of motion in their first impulsion as in  those which be cast down from above or blow out of the earth the raise of  their motion be manifest other descend below their own beginning other ascend  and be resist by the air become voluminous especial near the Angles of their  violence but of those which be engender every where in this inferior air which  be the frequent of all the wind the inquisition seem to be somewhat obscure  although it be a vulgar thing as we have set down in the commentation under  the eight article we find likewise a image or representation of this in that  close tower which we speak of before for we vary that trial three way the  first be that which we speak of before namely a fire of clear burn coal the  second be a kettle of seethe water the fire be set away and then the motion of  the cross of feather be more slow and dull the three be with both fire and  kettle and then the agitation of the cross of feather be very vehement so that  sometime it will whirl up and down as if it have be in a petty whirlwind the  water yield store of vapour and the fire which stand by it dissipate and  disperse they so that the chief cause of excite motion in the wind be the  overcharge of the air by a new addition of air engender by vapour now we must  see concern the direction of the motion and of the whirl which be a change of  the direction the nursery and food of the wind do govern their progressive  motion which nursery and feed be like unto the spring of river namely the  place where there be great store of vapour for there be the native country of  the wind then when they have find a current where the air make no resistance  as water when it find a fall way then whatsoever semblable matter they find by  the way they take into their fellowship and mix it with their current even as  river do so that the wind blow always from that side where their nursery be  which feed they where there be no notable nursery in any certain place the  wind stray very much and do easy change their current as in the middle of the  sea and large spacious field where there be great nursery of the wind in one  place but in the way of its progress it have but small addition there the wind  blow strong in their beginning and by little and little they allay and  contrariwise where they find good store of matter to feed on by the way they  be weak in the beginning but gather strength by the way there be movable  nursery for the wind namely in the cloud which many time be carry far away  from the nursery of vapour of which those cloud be make by wind blow high then  the nursery of the wind begin to be in that place where the cloud do begin to  be dissolve into wind but the whirl of wind do not happen because the wind  which blow at first transport it self but because either that be allay and  spend or bring into order by another wind and all this business depend on the  various placings of the nursery of wind and variety of time when vapour issue  out of these nursery be dissolve if there be nursery of wind on contrary part  as one nursery on the south another on the north side the strong wind will  prevail neither will there be contrary wind but the strong wind will blow  continual though it be somewhat dull and tame by the weak wind as it be in  river when the flow of the sea come in for the sea be motion prevail and be  the only one but it be somewhat curb by the motion of the river and if it so  happen that one of those contrary wind namely that which be the strong be  allay then present the contrary will blow from that side where it blue before  but lie hide under the force and power of the great as for example if the  nursery be at the north east the north east wind will blow but if there be two  nursery of wind namely another in the north those wind for some tract of way  will blow several but after the angle of confluence where they come together  they will blow to the north east or with some inclination accord as the other  nursery shall prove strong if there be a nursery of wind on the north side  which may be distant from some country twenty mile and be the strong another  on the east side which be distant some ten mile and be weak yet the east wind  shall blow for some hour and a while after namely when its journey be end the  north wind if the Northern wind blow and some hill stand in the way of it on  the west side a little while after the north east wind will blow compound by  the original and that which be Beatrice back again if there be a nursery of  wind in the earth on the Northern side and the breath thereof be carry direct  upward and it find a cold cloud on the west side which turn it off the  contrary way there will blow a north east wind monition nursery of wind in sea  and land be constant so that the spring and beginning of they may be the  better perceive but the nursery of wind in the cloud be movable so that in one  place there be matter furnish for the wind and they be from in another which  make the direction of motion in wind to be more confuse and uncertain those  thing we have produce for example sake the like be after the like manner and  hitherto of the direction of the motion of wind now we must see concern the  longitude and as it be the itinerary or journey of the wind though it may seem  we have already inquire of this under the notion of the latitude of wind for  latitude may by unlearned man also be take for longitude if wind take up more  space lateral than they go forward in longitude if it be true that Columbus  can upon the coast of Portugal judge of the continent of America by the  constant wind from the west true the wind can travel a long journey if it be  true that the dissolution of Snows about the freeze sea and Scandia do excite  and raise northerly wind in Italy and grease c in the dog day sure these be  long journey it have not yet be observe how much soon a storm do arrive accord  to the way it come as for example if it be a eastern wind how much soon it  come from the east and how much late from the west and so much concern the  motion of wind in their progression or go forward now we must see concern the  undulation or swell of wind the undulation or swell of wind be do in a few  moment so that a wind will though it be strong rise and fall by turn at the  least a hundred time in a hour whereby it appear that the violence of wind be  unequal for neither river though swift nor current in the sea though strong do  rise in wave unless the blow of wind be join thereunto neither have the swell  of wind any equality in it self for like unto the pulse of one hand sometime  it Beatrice and sometime it intermit the undulation or swell of the air differ  from the swell of water into wave in this that in water after the wave be rise  on high they of themselves and their own accord do again fall to the place of  they whence it come that whatsoever poet say when they aggravate tempest  namely that the wave be raise up to heaven and again sink down to hell the  descent of the wave do not precipitate much below the plane and superficies of  the water but in the swell of the air where the motion of gravity or weight be  want the air be thrust down and raise almost in a equal manner and thus much  of undulation now we must inquire of the motion of conflict or strive the  conflict of wind and compound conflict we have partly inquire already it be  plain that wind be ubiquitary especial the mild of they which be likewise  manifest by this that there be few day and hour wherein some gale do not blow  in free place and that inconstant and various enough for wind which do not  proceed from great nursery be vagabond and voluble as it be play one with the  other sometime drive forward and sometime fly back it have be see sometime at  sea that wind have come from contrary part together which be plain to be  perceive by the perturbation of the water on both side and the calmness in the  middle between they but after those contrary wind have meet either there have  follow a general calm of the water every where namely when the wind have break  and quell one another equal or the perturbation of the water have continue  namely when the strong wind have prevail it be certain that in the mountain of  Peru it have often chance that the wind at one time have blow on the top of  the hill one way and in the valley the clean contrary way it be likewise  certain here with we that the cloud be carry one way when the wind near we  have blow the contrary way that be likewise certain that sometime the high  cloud will outfly the low cloud so that they will go diverse yea and contrary  way as it be in contrary current it be likewise certain that sometime in the  high part of the air wind have be neither distract nor move forward when here  below they have be drive forward with a mad kind of violence for the space of  half a mile and it be likewise certain that contrariwise that here below the  air have be very still when above the cloud have be carry with a fresh and  merry gale but that happen more seldom a indirect experiment likewise in wave  sometime the upper water be swift sometime the low and sometime there be but  that be seldom several current of water of that which be uppermost and that  which lie beneath nor be virgils testimony altogether to be reject he be not  utter unskilful in natural philosophy together rush the east and south east  wind nor do wave call south west stay behind and again I all the wind have see  their battle join we have consider of the motion of wind in the nature of  thing we must now consider their motion in humane engine and first of all in  the sail of ship the motion of wind in the sail of ship in our great Britain  ship for we have choose those for our pattern there be four mast and sometime  five set up one behind the other in a direct line draw through the middle of  the ship which mast we will name thus the main mast which stand in the middle  of the ship the before mast the Mizon mast which be sometime double and the  spirit mast each mast consist of several piece which may be lift up and  fashion with several knot and joint or take away some have three of they some  only two the spirit sail mast from the low joint lie bend over the sea from  that it stand upright all the other mast stand upright upon these mast hang  ten sail and when there be two Mizon mast twelve the main mast and before mast  have three tire of sail which we will call the main sail the top sail and the  main top sail the rest have but two want the main top sail the sail be stretch  out a cross near the top of every joint of the mast by certain beam which we  call yard to which the upper part of the sail be fasten the low part be fasten  with rope at each corner the main sail to the side of the ship top and main  top sail to the yard which be next below they the yard of every mast hang a  cross only the yard of the Mizon mast hang slope one end up and the other down  in the rest they hang straight across the mast like unto the letter t the main  sail of the main mast before mast and boar spirit be of a quadrangular  parallelogram from the top and main top sail somewhat sharp and grow narrow at  the top but the top Mizon sail be sharp the low or main sail triangular in a  ship of eleven hundred tun and be one hundred and twelve foot long in the keel  and forty in breadth in the hold the main sail of the main mast waste two and  forty foot deep and eighty seven foot broad the top sail of the same mast be  fifty foot deep and eighty four foot broad at the bottom and forty two at the  top the main top sail be seven and twenty foot deep and two and forty broad at  the bottom and one and twenty at the top the before mast main sail be forty  foot and a half deep and seventy two foot broad the top sail be six and forty  foot and a half deep and sixty nine foot broad at the bottom and six and  thirty at the top the main top sail be four and twenty foot deep six and  thirty foot broad at the bottom and eighteen foot at the top the Mizon main  sail be on the upper part of the yard one and fifty foot broad in that part  which be join to the yard seventy two foot the rest end in a sharp point the  top sail be thirty foot deep fifty seven foot broad at the bottom and thirty  foot at the top if there be two Mizon mast the Hindermost sail be less than  the foremost about the five part the main sail of the boar spirit be eight and  twenty foot deep and a half and sixty foot broad the top sail five and twenty  foot and a half deep and sixty foot broad at the bottom and thirty at the top  the proportion of mast and sail do vary not only accord to the bigness of ship  but also accord to the several use for which they be build some for fight some  for merchant some for swiftness c but the proportion of the dimension of sail  be no way proportion to the number of tun whereof the ship consist see a ship  of five hundred tun or thereabouts may bear almost as large a sail as the  other we speak of which be almost as big again whence it proceed that lesser  ship be far swift and speedy than great one not only by reason of their  lightness but also by reason of the largeness of their sail in respect of the  body of the ship for to continue that proportion in big ship will be too vast  and impossible a thing each sail be stretch out at the top and only tie by the  corner at the bottom the wind must needs cause it to swell especial about the  bottom where it be slack the swell if far great in the low sail than in the  upper because they be not only Parrallelograms and the other more point at the  top but also because the extent of the yard do so far exceed the breadth of  the ship side to which they be fasten that of necessity because of the  looseness there must be a great receipt for the wind so that in the great  which we propose for a example the swell of the sail in a direct wind may be  nine or ten foot inward by the same reason it also happen that all sail which  be swell by the wind do gather themselves into a kind of arch or bow so that  of necessity much wind must slip through insomuch that in such a ship as we  make mention of that arch may be as high as a man but in the triangular sail  of the Mizon mast there must of necessity be a lesser swell than in the  quadrangular as well because that figure be less capable as also because that  in the quadrangular three side be slack and lose but in the triangular only  two so that the wind be more spare receive the motion of the wind in sail the  near it come to the Beak of the ship the strong it be and set the ship more  forward partly because it be in a place where because of the sharpness of the  Beak head the wave be easy cut in sunder but chief because the motion at the  Beak draw on the ship the motion from the stern and back part of the ship do  but drive it the motion of the wind in the sail of the upper tire advance more  than that in the low tire because a violent motion be most violent when it be  far remove from resistance as in the wing and sail of windmill but there be  danger of drown or over turn the ship wherefore those sail be make narrow at  the top that they shall not take in too much wind and be chief make use of  when there be not much wind sail be place in a direct line one behind the  other of necessity those sail which stand behind must steal the wind from the  foremost when the wind blow before right wherefore if they be all spread out  at once the force of the wind have scarce any power but in the main mast sail  with little help of the low sail of the boar spirit the best and most  convenient order of sail in a direct wind be to have the two low sail of the  before mast hoist up for there as we say before the motion be most effectual  let also the top sail of the main mast be hoist up for there will be so much  room leave under it that there may be wind sufficient for the before sail  without any notable steal of the wind from they by reason of the hinder sail  steal of the wind away from the before sail we sail swift with a side wind  than with a before wind for with a side wind all the sail may be make use of  for they turn their side to one another and so hinder nor rob not one another  likewise when a side wind blow the sail be stiflier stretch out against the  wind which somewhat restrain the wind and send it that way as it shall blow  whereby it gain some strength but that wind be most advantageous which blow  cornerly between a before wind and a side wind the low boar spirit sail can  hardly ever be unuseful for it can be rob from gather the wind which way  soever it do blow either about the ship side or under the rest of the sail  there be considerable in the motion of wind in ship both the impulsion and  direction of they for that direction which be make by the helm do not much  belong to the present inquisition but only as it have a connexion with the  motion of the wind in the sail connexion as the motion of impulsion or drive  forward be in force at the Beak so be the motion of direction in the poop  therefore for that the low Mizon mast sail be of great concernment for it be  as it be a assistant to the helm see the compass be divide into two and thirty  point so that the semicircle of it be sixteen point there may be be a  progressive sail without any cast aboard which be use when the wind be clean  contrary though of the sixteen part there be but six favourable and the other  ten contrary but that kind of sail depend much upon the low sail of the Mizon  mast for while the advese part of the wind be more powerful and not to be  oppose by the helm alone will turn the other sail and the ship it self against  its intend course that sail be stiflly stretch favour the helm and strengthen  its motion turn the Beak into the way of its course all manner of wind in the  sail do somewhat burden and depress the ship and so much the more when it blow  most from above so that in great storm first they low their yard and take away  the upper sail and if needs be all the rest cut down the mast cast their good  into the sea and their ordinance c to lighten the ship and make it swim and  give way to the wave by this motion of the wind in the sail of ship if it be a  merry and prosperous gale a merchant ship may sail sixscore Italian mile in  four and twenty hour for there be certain packet boat which be build a purpose  for swiftness that be call caravel which will go further but when the wind be  clean contrary they fly to this last refuge and a very weak one to go on their  course namely to proceed sideway as the wind will suffer they out of their  course then turn their way again towards their course and so proceed in a  angular way by which progression which be less than creep for serpent creep on  by crooked turn but they make angle they may in four and twenty hour go  fifteen mile journey